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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.35

Appius canvasses for a second term

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Liv. 3.35.1Postquam vērō comitia decemvirīs creandīs in trīnum nūndinum indicta sunt, tanta exārsit ambitiō, ut prīmōrēs quoque cīvitātis — metū, crēdō, nē tantī possessiō imperiī vacuō ab sē relictō locō haud satis dignīs patēret — prēnsārent hominēs, honōrem summā ope ā sē impugnātum ab eā plēbe, cum quā contenderant, suppliciter petentēs.But after the elections for appointing decemvirs had been proclaimed for the third market day ahead, such canvassing blazed up that even the leading men of the state — from fear, I suppose, that possession of such great power might lie open to men hardly worthy of it if they left the place empty — were buttonholing people, humbly seeking, from the very plebs with whom they had contended, an office which they had fought against with all their might. Liv. 3.35.3Dēmissa iam in discrīmen dignitās eā aetāte iīsque honōribus āctīs stimulābat Ap. Claudium.His dignity, now put at risk at his time of life and after the offices he had held, spurred on Appius Claudius. Liv. 3.35.3Nescīrēs, utrum inter decemvirōs an inter candidātōs numerārēs.You could not have told whether to count him among the decemvirs or among the candidates.

Liv. 3.35.4Propior interdum petendō quam gerendō magistrātuī erat: crīminārī optimātēs, extollere candidātōrum levissimum quemque humillimumque, ipse medius inter tribūniciōs, Duilliōs Iciliōsque, in forō volitāre, per illōs sē plēbī venditāre, dōnec collēgae quoque, quī ūnicē illī dēditī fuerant ad id tempus, coniēcēre in eum oculōs, mīrantēs, quid sibi vellet.At times he was closer to seeking office than to holding it: he would attack the nobles, extol all the most frivolous and lowly of the candidates, flit about the forum himself in the midst of former tribunes, the Duillii and the Icilii, and through them advertise himself to the plebs, until even his colleagues, who until then had been wholly devoted to him, turned their eyes on him, wondering what he meant by it. Liv. 3.35.6Appārēre nihil sincērī esse;It was plain, they thought, that there was nothing sincere in it; Liv. 3.35.6profectō haud grātuītam in tantā superbiā cōmitātem fore;surely such affability in so proud a man would not come without its price; Liv. 3.35.6nimium in ōrdinem sē ipsum cōgere et vulgārī cum prīvātīs nōn tam properantis abīre magistrātū quam viam ad continuandum magistrātum quaerentis esse.to lower himself so far to the ranks and to mix with private citizens was the conduct not so much of a man hurrying to leave office as of one seeking a way to prolong it.

Liv. 3.35.7Prōpalam obviam īre cupiditātī parum ausī obsecundandō mollīre impetum adgrediuntur.Not daring to oppose his ambition openly, they set about softening its drive by humouring it. Liv. 3.35.7Comitiōrum illī habendōrum, quandō minimus nātū sit, mūnus cōnsēnsū iniungunt.By common consent they lay on him, as the youngest, the duty of holding the elections. Liv. 3.35.7Ars haec erat, nē sēmet ipse creāre posset, quod praeter tribūnōs plēbī, et id ipsum pessimō exemplō, nēmō umquam fēcisset.The trick was this: that he should not be able to elect himself, a thing no one had ever done except the tribunes of the plebs, and that itself with the worst of precedents. Liv. 3.35.8Ille enimvērō, quod bene vertat, habitūrum sē comitia professus, impedīmentum prō occāsiōne arripuit dēiectīsque honōre per coitiōnem duōbus Quīnctiīs, Capitōlīnō et Cincinnātō, et patruō suō C. Claudiō, cōnstantissimō virō in optimātium causā, et aliīs eiusdem fastīgiī cīvibus, nēquāquam splendōre vītae parēs decemvirōs creat, sē in prīmīs, quod haud secus factum inprobābant bonī, quam nēmō facere ausūrum crēdiderat.He, however, declaring that he would hold the elections, and may it turn out well, seized on the obstacle as an opportunity; and, having had the two Quinctii, Capitolinus and Cincinnatus, kept from office by a coalition, along with his own uncle Gaius Claudius, a most steadfast man in the cause of the nobles, and other citizens of the same eminence, he gets decemvirs elected who were in no way their equals in distinction of life, and himself first of all — a deed which good men disapproved of no less than nobody had believed he would dare to do it.

Liv. 3.35.11Creātī cum eō M. Cornēlius Maluginēnsis, M. Sergius, L. Minucius, Q. Fabius Vibulānus, Q. Poetilius, T. Antōnius Merenda, K. Duillius, Sp. Oppius Cornicen, M'. Rabuleius.Elected with him were Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, Marcus Sergius, Lucius Minucius, Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, Quintus Poetelius, Titus Antonius Merenda, Kaeso Duillius, Spurius Oppius Cornicen and Manius Rabuleius.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, indirect statement ×5, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (165 words)
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
trīnī, -ae, -a (distrib. num.)three each; three (with nouns used only in the plural)
nūndinum, -ī n.market-day interval of eight days; trīnum nūndinum: three market-days
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
exārdēscō, -ārdēscere, -ārsī, -ārsusblaze out, be inflamed, rage
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
quoque, adv.also
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
vacuus, -a, -umempty
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
prēnsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgrasp; canvass (by shaking hands)
homō, hominis, m.man
honor, -ōris, m.honor
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
impugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
cum, prep, with abl.with
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
suppliciter (adv.)humbly, as suppliants
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
iam, adv.now, already
discrīmen, -crīminis, n.crisis, peril, danger
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
aetās, -tātis, f.age
que, enclitic conj.and
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
stimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgoad, spur on, incite
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
an, conj.or (in questions)
candidātus, -ī m.candidate for office
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
interdum (adv.)sometimes
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
optimās, -ātis m.aristocrat; optimātēs: the leading men, the conservative party
extollō, -erelift up, raise; praise, exalt
levis, -elight, slight
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
humilis, -elow; humble, poor
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
volitō, -āre, -āvīfly about; flit, swagger about
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
venditō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusoffer for sale, peddle; cry up
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
ūnicē (adv.)singularly, above all
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
oculus, -ī, m.eye
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
volō, velle, voluīwish
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
sincērus, -a, -umpure, sound, chaste
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
grātuītus, -a, -umfree, without reward, for nothing
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
nimium (adv.)too, too much
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
nōn, adv.not
tam, adv.so
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
via, -ae, f.road, way
continuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusjoin together, make continuous; join one house to another
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
prōpalam (adv.)openly, publicly
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
obsecundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscomply with, humour, go along with; be favourable
molliō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussoften; make (a slope) easier
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to; impose, inflict
ars, artis, f.art
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
malus, -a, -umbad
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
umquam, adv.ever
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
enimvērō (adv.)indeed, to be sure, truly
bene, adv.well; successfully
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
profiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumdeclare openly; offer oneself as
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
coitiō, -ōnis f.coming together, meeting; combination, conspiracy
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
patruus, -ī m.uncle (father's brother)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cōnstāns, -antissteadfast, firm, resolute; consistent
vir, virī, m.man
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
fastīgium, -ī n.top, summit; slope; height
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
splendor, -ōris m.brightness, light
vīta, -ae, f.life
pār, parisequal
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
improbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisapprove of, reject
bonus, -a, -umgood
Sergius, -ī m.Sergius, Roman family name; Sergius Paulus, proconsul of Cyprus; (adj.) of the Sergii
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.