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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.34

The Ten Tables are published

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Liv. 3.34.1Cum promptum hoc iūs velut ex ōrāculō incorruptum pariter ab iīs summī īnfimīque ferrent, tum lēgibus condendīs opera dabātur;While high and low alike received from them this prompt justice, as incorruptible as if from an oracle, at the same time attention was being given to framing the laws; Liv. 3.34.1ingentīque hominum expectātiōne prōpositīs decem tabulīs populum ad contiōnem advocāvērunt et, quod bonum, faustum fēlīxque reī pūblicae, ipsīs līberīsque eōrum esset, īre et legere lēgēs prōpositās iussēre.and, amid enormous expectation, they set up ten tablets and called the people to an assembly, and, praying that it might be good, favourable and fortunate for the state, for the people themselves and their children, they bade them go and read the laws that had been set up. Liv. 3.34.3Sē, quantum decem hominum ingeniīs prōvidērī potuerit, omnibus, summīs īnfimīsque, iūra aequāsse;They had, they said, as far as could be foreseen by the wits of ten men, made rights equal for all, the highest and the lowest; Liv. 3.34.4plūs pollēre multōrum ingenia cōnsiliaque.but the wits and counsels of many had greater power.

Liv. 3.34.4Versārent in animīs sēcum ūnamquamque rem, agitārent deinde sermōnibus atque in medium, quid in quāque rē plūs minusvē esset, cōnferrent: eās lēgēs habitūrum populum Rōmānum, quās cōnsēnsus omnium nōn iussisse lātās magis quam tulisse vidērī posset.Let them turn over each point in their minds, then discuss it in conversation, and bring out for all to consider whatever was too much or too little in each point: the Roman people should have such laws as the consent of all might seem not so much to have ratified when proposed as to have proposed itself. Liv. 3.34.6Cum ad rūmōrēs hominum dē ūnōquōque lēgum capite ēditōs satis corrēctae vidērentur, centuriātīs comitiīs decem tabulārum lēgēs perlātae sunt, quī nunc quoque in hōc inmēnsō aliārum super aliās acervātārum lēgum cumulō fōns omnis pūblicī prīvātīque est iūris.When they seemed sufficiently corrected in the light of the comments people made on each section of the laws, the laws of the ten tablets were carried in the centuriate assembly; and even now, in this vast heap of laws piled one upon another, they remain the source of all public and private law.

Liv. 3.34.6Vulgātur deinde rūmor duās dēesse tabulās, quibus adiectīs absolvī posse velut corpus omnis Rōmānī iūris.Then a rumour spreads that two tablets were lacking, and that if these were added a complete body, as it were, of all Roman law could be finished. Liv. 3.34.7Ea expectātiō, cum diēs comitiōrum adpropinquāret, dēsīderium decemvirōs iterum creandī fēcit.This expectation, as the day of the elections drew near, created a desire to elect decemvirs again. Liv. 3.34.8Iam plēbs, praeterquam quod cōnsulum nōmen haud secus quam rēgum perōsa erat, nē tribūnicium quidem auxilium cēdentibus in vicem appellātiōnī decemvirīs quaerēbat.By now the plebs, besides hating the name of consuls no less than that of kings, did not even look for the tribunes' protection, since the decemvirs allowed appeal from one to another in turn.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (124 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
veluteven or just as, as
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ōrāculum, -ī, n.oracle
incorruptus, -a, -umuncorrupted, genuine, reliable
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
īnfimus, -a, -umlowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill)
que, enclitic conj.and
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
tum, adv.then, at that time
lēx, lēgis f.law
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
homō, hominis, m.man
exspectātiō (expectātiō), -ōnis f.expectation, anticipation, suspense
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
decem, indecl. adj.ten
tabula, -ae f.tablet, written list
populus, -ī m.people, nation
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
bonus, -a, -umgood
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
omnis, -eall, every
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
plūs (adv.)more
polleō, -ērebe strong, be powerful
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ūnusquisque, ūnaquaeque, ūnumquodqueeach one, every single one
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
deinde, adv.then, next
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
minus, comp. adv.less
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
nōn, adv.not
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
caput, capitis, n.head
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
corrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusstraighten, set right, reform
centuriātus, -a, -umdivided into centuries; comitia centuriāta: the assembly voting by centuries
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
nunc, adv.now
quoque, adv.also
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
acervō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusheap up, pile together
cumulus, -ī m.heap, pile
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
corpus, corporis, n.body
exspectātiō, -ōnis f.waiting, expectation
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātusapproach to, approach
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
iterum, adv.again, a second time
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
iam, adv.now, already
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
quod, conj.that, in that, because
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
rēx, rēgis, m.king
perōsus, -a, -umhating, utterly weary of (+ acc.)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
appellātiō, -ōnis f.an appeal, address, chance to speak to someone
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.