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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.31

Envoys sent to Athens for laws

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Liv. 3.31.1Deinde M. Valerius, Sp. Verginius cōnsulēs factī.Then Marcus Valerius and Spurius Verginius were made consuls. Liv. 3.31.1Domī forīsque ōtium fuit;There was peace at home and abroad; Liv. 3.31.1annōnā propter aquārum intemperiem labōrātum est.the corn supply suffered because of unseasonable rains. Liv. 3.31.1Dē Aventīnō pūblicandō lāta lēx est.A law was passed for making the Aventine public land. Liv. 3.31.1Tribūnī plēbis iīdem refectī.The same tribunes of the plebs were re-elected. Liv. 3.31.2Hī sequente annō T. Rōmiliō, C. Veturiō cōnsulibus lēgem omnibus contiōnibus suīs celebrābant: pudēre sē numerī suī nēquīquam auctī, sī ea rēs aequē suō bienniō iacēret, ac tōtō superiōre lūstrō iacuisset.In the following year, when Titus Romilius and Gaius Veturius were consuls, they kept urging the law at all their meetings: they were ashamed, they said, of their number, increased to no purpose, if the matter lay idle through their two years just as it had lain through the whole previous five-year period. Liv. 3.31.2Cum maximē haec agerent, trepidī nūntiī ab Tusculō veniunt Aequōs in agrō Tusculānō esse.Just when they were busiest with this, frightened messengers come from Tusculum saying that the Aequi were in Tusculan territory.

Liv. 3.31.3Fēcit pudōrem recēns eius populī meritum morandī auxiliī.That people's recent service made them ashamed to delay help. Liv. 3.31.3Ambō cōnsulēs cum exercitū missī hostem in suā sēde, in Algidō inveniunt.Both consuls were sent with an army and find the enemy in his usual position, on Algidus. Liv. 3.31.4Ibi pugnātum.There a battle was fought. Liv. 3.31.4Suprā septem mīlia hostium caesa, aliī fugātī, praeda parta ingēns.Over seven thousand of the enemy were slain, the rest put to flight, and enormous plunder was won. Liv. 3.31.4Eam propter inopiam aerāriī cōnsulēs vēndidērunt.The consuls sold it because the treasury was empty. Liv. 3.31.4Invidiae tamen rēs ad exercitum fuit eademque tribūnīs māteriam crīminandī ad plēbem cōnsulēs praebuit.Yet the affair caused resentment in the army, and it also gave the tribunes material for accusing the consuls before the plebs. Liv. 3.31.5Itaque ergō, ut magistrātū abiēre, Sp. Tarpeiō, A. Aterniō cōnsulibus diēs dicta est, Rōmiliō ab C. Calviō Cicerōne tribūnō plēbis, Veturiō ab L. Aliēnō aedīle plēbis.And so, as soon as they left office, in the consulship of Spurius Tarpeius and Aulus Aternius, a day was named for their trial, for Romilius by Gaius Calvius Cicero, tribune of the plebs, for Veturius by Lucius Alienus, aedile of the plebs.

Liv. 3.31.6Uterque magnā patrum indignātiōne damnātus, Rōmilius decem mīlibus aeris, Veturius quīndecim.Both were condemned, to the great indignation of the senators, Romilius to a fine of ten thousand asses, Veturius to one of fifteen thousand. Liv. 3.31.6Nec haec priōrum calamitās cōnsulum segniōrēs novōs fēcerat cōnsulēs;Nor had this misfortune of the former consuls made the new consuls any more sluggish; Liv. 3.31.6et sē damnārī posse Aiēbant, et plēbem et tribūnōs lēgem ferre nōn posse.they said that they too could be condemned, but that the plebs and the tribunes could not carry the law. Liv. 3.31.7Tum abiectā lēge, quae prōmulgāta cōnsenuerat, tribūnī lēnius agere cum patribus: fīnem tandem certāminum facerent.Then the tribunes, abandoning the law, which had grown old since it was first proposed, dealt more gently with the senators: let them at last put an end to the struggles. Liv. 3.31.7Sī plēbēiae lēgēs displicērent, at illī commūniter lēgum lātōrēs et ex plēbe et ex patribus, quī utrīsque ūtilia ferrent quaeque aequandae lībertātis essent, sinerent creārī.If laws from the plebs displeased them, let them at least allow lawgivers to be appointed in common, both from the plebs and from the senators, who would propose what was useful to both and what would serve to make liberty equal.

Liv. 3.31.8Rem nōn aspernābantur patrēs;The senators did not reject the idea; Liv. 3.31.8lātūrum lēgēs nēminem nisi ex patribus Aiēbant.but they said that no one should propose laws unless he was one of the senators. Liv. 3.31.8Cum dē lēgibus convenīret, dē lātōre tantum discrepāret, missī lēgātī Athēnās Sp. Postumius Albus, A. Mānlius, P. Sulpicius Camerīnus iussīque inclitās lēgēs Solōnis dēscrībere et aliārum Graeciae cīvitātium īnstitūta, mōrēs iūraque nōscere.Since they agreed about the laws and differed only about who should propose them, envoys were sent to Athens, Spurius Postumius Albus, Aulus Manlius and Publius Sulpicius Camerinus, with orders to copy out the famous laws of Solon and to learn the institutions, customs and laws of the other states of Greece.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (147 words)
deinde, adv.then, next
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
que, enclitic conj.and
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
annōna, -ae f.the year's grain supply; the price of grain
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
aqua, -ae, f.water
intemperiēs, -ēī f.unruliness, lack of restraint; inclemency (of weather)
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
pūblicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfiscate, make public property
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
lēx, lēgis f.law
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
annus, -ī, m.year
omnis, -eall, every
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
numerus, -ī, m.number
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
sī, conj.if
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
biennium, -ī n.period of two years
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
lūstrum, -ī n.a purifying sacrifice closing the census; a period of five years
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
populus, -ī m.people, nation
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
cum, prep, with abl.with
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
ibi, adv.in that place, there
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
septemseven
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
aerārium, -ī n.treasury (the state treasury in the temple of Saturn)
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aedīlis, -is m.aedile, a magistrate in charge of public buildings, markets and games
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pater, patris, m.father
indignātiō, -ōnis f.indignation, resentment
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
decem, indecl. adj.ten
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
quīndecim (indecl.)fifteen
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
nōn, adv.not
tum, adv.then, at that time
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
prōmulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspublish, propose (a law)
cōnsenēscō, -ere, -senuīgrow old, decay, lose strength
lēniter (adv.)gently
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
plēbēius, -a, -umof the common people, plebeian; common, vulgar
displiceō, -ēre, -uī, -itumdisplease (+ dat.)
at, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
commūniter (adv.)jointly, together, in common
lātor, -ōris m.proposer (of a law)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
aspernor, -ārī, -ātus sumspurn, reject, scorn
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
nisi, conj.if not, unless
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
discrepō, -āre, -āvī/-uīdiffer, be unlike; disagree, be at odds
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
inclitus, -a, -umfamous, renowned
dēscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite out; mark out, arrange, plan
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
īnstitūtum, -ī n.custom, institution
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.