LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 3 › Ab Urbe Condita 3.30

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.30

Ten tribunes of the plebs

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 3.30.1Secuntur cōnsulēs Q. Minucius, M. Horātius Pulvillus.The next consuls are Quintus Minucius and Marcus Horatius Pulvillus. Liv. 3.30.1Cuius initiō annī cum forīs ōtium esset, domī sēditiōnēs iīdem tribūnī, eadem lēx faciēbat;At the beginning of their year, although there was peace abroad, the same tribunes and the same law were causing discord at home; Liv. 3.30.2ulteriusque ventum foret — adeō exārserant animīs — , nī velut dēditā operā nocturnō impetū Aequōrum Corbiōne āmissum praesidium nūntiātum esset.and matters would have gone further — so inflamed were their passions — had it not been reported, as if by design, that the garrison at Corbio had been lost in a night attack by the Aequi. Liv. 3.30.3Senātum cōnsulēs vocant: iubentur subitārium scrībere exercitum atque in Algidum dūcere.The consuls summon the senate: they are ordered to enrol an emergency army and lead it to Algidus. Liv. 3.30.3Inde positō lēgis certāmine nova dē dīlēctū contentiō orta;Then the struggle over the law was laid aside and a new dispute arose about the levy; Liv. 3.30.4vincēbāturque cōnsulāre imperium tribūniciō auxiliō, cum alius additur terror: Sabīnum exercitum praedātum dēscendisse in agrōs Rōmānōs, inde ad urbem venīre.and the consuls' authority was being overcome by the tribunes' protection, when another alarm is added: a Sabine army had come down into Roman territory to plunder, and was advancing from there on the city.

Liv. 3.30.5Is metus perculit, ut scrībī mīlitem tribūnī sinerent, nōn sine pactiōne tamen, ut, quoniam ipsī quīnquennium ēlūsī essent parvumque id plēbī praesidium foret, decem deinde tribūnī plēbis creārentur.This fear struck them so hard that the tribunes allowed soldiers to be enrolled, though not without a bargain: that, since they themselves had been thwarted for five years and their number was too small a protection for the plebs, ten tribunes of the plebs should be elected from then on. Liv. 3.30.6Expressit hoc necessitās patribus;Necessity wrung this from the senators; Liv. 3.30.6id modo excēpēre, nē posteā eōsdem tribūnōs vidērent.they made only this exception, that they should not see the same tribunes again afterwards. Liv. 3.30.6Tribūnicia comitia, nē id quoque post bellum ut cētera vānum esset, extemplō habita.The tribunes' elections were held at once, so that this too, like everything else, should not come to nothing after the war. Liv. 3.30.7Trīcēsimō sextō annō ā prīmīs tribūnī plēbis decem creātī sunt, bīnī ex singulīs classibus, itaque cautum est ut posteā creārentur.In the thirty-sixth year after the first ones, ten tribunes of the plebs were elected, two from each class, and provision was made that they should be elected in this way thereafter.

Liv. 3.30.8Dīlēctū deinde habitō Minucius contrā Sabīnōs profectus nōn invēnit hostem.Then, when the levy had been held, Minucius set out against the Sabines but did not find the enemy. Liv. 3.30.8Horātius, cum iam Aequī Corbiōne interfectō praesidiō Ortōnam etiam cēpissent, in Algidō pugnat, multōs mortālīs occīdit, fugat hostem nōn ex Algidō modo, sed ā Corbiōne Ortōnāque.Horatius, when the Aequi had already killed the garrison at Corbio and had taken Ortona as well, fights on Algidus, kills a great many men, and routs the enemy not only from Algidus but from Corbio and Ortona. Liv. 3.30.8Corbiōnem etiam dīruit propter prōditum praesidium.He also razed Corbio because it had betrayed the garrison.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (126 words)
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
initium, -ī, n.beginning
annus, -ī, m.year
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
lēx, lēgis f.law
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ulterius, adv.further, any longer
que, enclitic conj.and
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
exārdēscō, -ārdēscere, -ārsī, -ārsusblaze out, be inflamed, rage
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
veluteven or just as, as
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
senātus, -ūs m.senate
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
subitārius, -a, -umhastily raised, emergency (troops)
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
inde (adv.)from there; then
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
praedor, -ārī, -ātusplunder
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
ager, agri, m.field, land
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
urbs, urbis, f.city
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
nōn, adv.not
sine, prep. with abl.without
pactiō, -ōnis f.agreement, bargain
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quoniam, conj.since now, since
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quīnquennium, -ī n.period of five years
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
decem, indecl. adj.ten
deinde, adv.then, next
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
pater, patris, m.father
modo, adv.only
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
quoque, adv.also
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
bellum, -ī, n.war
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
trīcēsimus, -a, -umthirtieth
sextus, -a, -umsixth
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
classis, -is f.fleet
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
iam, adv.now, already
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
mortālis, -emortal
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
sed, conj.but
dīruō, -ruere, -ruī, -rutuspull down, demolish
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.