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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.27

The dictator's swift night march

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Liv. 3.27.1Posterō diē dictātor, cum ante lūcem in forum vēnisset, magistrum equitum dīcit L. Tarquitium, patriciae gentis, sed quī, cum stīpendia pedibus propter paupertātem fēcisset, bellō tamen prīmus longē Rōmānae iuventūtis habitus esset.The next day the dictator, having come into the Forum before dawn, names as master of the horse Lucius Tarquitius, a man of patrician family, but one who, although he had served on foot because of his poverty, had nonetheless been considered by far the foremost of the Roman young men in war. Liv. 3.27.2Cum magistrō equitum in contiōnem venit, iūstitium ēdīcit, claudī tabernās tōtā urbe iubet, vetat quemquam prīvātae quicquam reī agere.With the master of the horse he comes to an assembly, proclaims a suspension of public business, orders the shops to be closed throughout the city, and forbids anyone to attend to any private affair. Liv. 3.27.3Tum, quīcumque aetāte mīlitārī essent, armātī cum cibāriīs in diēs quīnque coctīs vallīsque duodēnīs ante sōlis occāsum Mārtiō in campō adessent;Then all who were of military age were to be present in the Campus Martius before sunset, armed, with five days' cooked rations and twelve stakes each; Liv. 3.27.3quibus aetās ad mīlitandum gravior esset, vīcīnō mīlitī, dum is arma parāret vallumque peteret, cibāria coquere iussit.those whose age was too heavy for soldiering he ordered to cook rations for the soldier next to them, while he got his arms ready and went for stakes.

Liv. 3.27.5Sīc iuventūs discurrit ad vallum petendum.So the young men scatter to fetch stakes. Liv. 3.27.5Sūmpsēre, unde cuique proximum fuit;They took them from wherever was nearest to each; Liv. 3.27.5prohibitus nēmō est;no one was prevented; Liv. 3.27.6inpigrēque omnēs ad ēdictum dictātōris praestō fuēre.and all promptly presented themselves according to the dictator's edict. Liv. 3.27.6Inde conpositō agmine nōn itinerī magis aptī quam proeliō, sī rēs ita tulisset, legiōnēs ipse dictātor, magister equitum suōs equitēs dūcit.Then, with the column arranged so as to be ready no more for marching than for battle, should the situation require it, the dictator himself leads the legions, the master of the horse his cavalry. Liv. 3.27.6In utrōque agmine quās tempus ipsum poscēbat adhortātiōnēs erant: adderent gradum;In both columns there were such exhortations as the moment itself demanded: they should quicken their pace; Liv. 3.27.7mātūrātō opus esse, ut nocte ad hostem pervenīrī posset.there was need of haste, so that they might reach the enemy in the night. Liv. 3.27.7Cōnsulem exercitumque Rōmānum obsidērī, tertium diem iam clausōs esse;The consul and the Roman army were under siege, and had now been shut in for three days; Liv. 3.27.7quid quaeque nox aut diēs ferat, incertum esse;what each night or day might bring was uncertain; Liv. 3.27.7punctō saepe temporis maximārum rērum mōmenta vertī.often the turning points of the greatest affairs hung on a moment of time.

Liv. 3.27.8"Accelerā signifer!"'Hurry, standard-bearer!' Liv. 3.27.8"Sequere mīles!"'Follow, soldier!' Liv. 3.27.8Inter sē quoque grātificantēs ducibus clāmābant.they shouted to one another too, to please their leaders. Liv. 3.27.8Mediā nocte in Algidum perveniunt et, ut sēnsēre sē iam prope hostēs esse, signa cōnstituunt.At midnight they reach Algidus and, when they realised that they were now near the enemy, they halt the standards.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (139 words)
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
lūx, lūcis, f.light
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
patricius, -ī m.patrician, member of the old Roman nobility
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
sed, conj.but
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
pēs, pedis, m.foot
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
paupertās, -ātis f.poverty, small means
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
bellum, -ī, n.war
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
longē, adv.far
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, prep, with abl.with
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
iūstitium, -ī n.suspension of legal and public business (in an emergency)
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
taberna, -ae f.hut; shop, stall
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
urbs, urbis, f.city
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
tum, adv.then, at that time
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
aetās, -tātis, f.age
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
armātus, -a, -umarmed
cibāria, -ōrum n. pl.rations, food
quīnquefive
coquō, -ere, coxī, coctuscook; bake, fire (bricks)
vallus, -ī m.stake, palisade post
que, enclitic conj.and
duodēnī, -ae, -atwelve each, twelve at a time
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
occāsus, -ūs, m.setting
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
sīc, adv.so, thus
discurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun in different directions, scatter
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
unde, adv.whence
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
impigrē (adv.)energetically, briskly
omnis, -eall, every
ēdictum, -ī n.proclamation, edict (of a magistrate)
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
inde (adv.)from there; then
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
nōn, adv.not
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
sī, conj.if
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
adhortātiō, -ōnis f.encouragement, exhortation
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
mātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusripen; hasten
opus, operis, n.work, task
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nox, noctis, f.night
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
tertius, -a, -umthird
iam, adv.now, already
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
punctum, -ī, n.point, instant, moment
saepe, adv.often, frequently
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
accelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushurry, hasten
signifer, -ferī m.standard-bearer
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
quoque, adv.also
grātificor, -ārī, -ātus sumdo a favour, oblige, gratify
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.