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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.26

Cincinnatus called from the plough

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Liv. 3.26.1Vīs Sabīnōrum ingēns prope ad moenia urbis īnfestā populātiōne vēnit;A huge force of Sabines came with hostile ravaging almost up to the walls of the city; Liv. 3.26.1foedātī agrī, terror iniectus urbī est.the fields were laid waste, and terror was struck into the city. Liv. 3.26.1Tum plēbs benignē arma cēpit;Then the plebs took up arms willingly; Liv. 3.26.1reclāmantibus frūstrā tribūnīs magnī duo exercitūs scrīptī.while the tribunes protested in vain, two great armies were enrolled. Liv. 3.26.2Alterum Nautius contrā Sabīnōs dūxit castrīsque ad Ērētum positīs per expedītiōnēs parvās, plērumque nocturnīs incursiōnibus, tantam vāstitātem in Sabīnō agrō reddidit, ut conparātī ad eam prope intāctī bellō fīnēs Rōmānī vidērentur.Nautius led one against the Sabines and, pitching camp at Eretum, by small expeditions, mostly raids by night, wrought such devastation in Sabine territory that, compared with it, the Roman lands seemed almost untouched by war. Liv. 3.26.3Minuciō neque fortūna nec vīs animī eadem in gerendō negōtiō fuit;Minucius had neither the same fortune nor the same strength of mind in conducting his campaign; Liv. 3.26.3nam cum haud procul ab hoste castra posuisset, nūllā magnopere clāde acceptā castrīs sē pavidus tenēbat.for having pitched camp not far from the enemy, though he had suffered no great reverse, he kept within his camp in fear.

Liv. 3.26.4Quod ubi sēnserant hostēs, crēvit ex metū aliēnō, ut fit, audācia, et nocte adortī castra, postquam parum vīs aperta prōfēcerat, mūnītiōnēs posterō diē circumdant.When the enemy noticed this, their boldness grew, as usually happens, from another's fear, and after attacking the camp by night, when open force had achieved little, they surround it with siege works the next day. Liv. 3.26.4Quae priusquam undique vallō obiectae clauderent exitūs, quīnque equitēs inter statiōnēs hostium ēmissī Rōmam pertulēre cōnsulem exercitumque obsidērī.Before these, thrown up on every side with a rampart, could shut off the exits, five horsemen sent out between the enemy's posts brought word to Rome that the consul and his army were under siege. Liv. 3.26.5Nihil tam inopīnātum nec tam īnspērātum accidere potuit.Nothing could have happened so unforeseen or so unexpected. Liv. 3.26.5Itaque tantus pavor, tanta trepidātiō fuit, quanta sī urbem, nōn castra hostēs obsidērent.And so there was as much panic, as much alarm, as if the enemy were besieging the city, not a camp. Liv. 3.26.6Nautium cōnsulem arcessunt.They summon the consul Nautius. Liv. 3.26.6In quō cum parum praesidiī vidērētur dictātōremque dīcī placēret, quī rem perculsam restitueret, L. Quīnctius Cincinnātus cōnsēnsū omnium dīcitur.When there seemed too little protection in him, and it was decided that a dictator should be named to restore the shaken situation, Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus is named by universal consent.

Liv. 3.26.7Operae pretium est audīre, quī omnia prae dīvitiīs hūmāna spernunt neque honōrī magnō locum neque virtūtī putant esse, nisi ubi effūsē afluant opēs.It is worth the while of those who despise all human things in comparison with riches, and think there is no room for great honour or for virtue except where wealth flows in abundance, to listen to this. Liv. 3.26.7Spēs ūnica imperiī populī Rōmānī, L. Quīnctius trāns Tiberim, contrā eum ipsum locum, ubi nunc nāvālia sunt, quattuor iūgerum colēbat agrum, quae prāta Quīnctia vocantur.The sole hope of the Roman people's dominion, Lucius Quinctius, was farming a plot of four iugera across the Tiber, opposite the very spot where the dockyards now are; it is called the Quinctian Meadows. Liv. 3.26.9Ibi ab lēgātīs, seu fossam fodiēns pālae innīxus seu cum arāret, operī certē, id quod cōnstat, agrestī intentus, salūte datā in vicem redditāque rogātus, ut, quod bene verteret ipsī reīque pūblicae, togātus mandāta senātūs audīret, admīrātus rogitānsque "satin salvē?"There the envoys found him, either digging a ditch and leaning on his spade or ploughing, but at any rate, as is agreed, intent on some work of the farm; when greetings had been given and returned, he was asked, with a prayer that it might turn out well for himself and the state, to put on his toga and hear the instructions of the senate; astonished, and asking again and again, 'Is all well?' Liv. 3.26.9Togam properē ē tuguriō prōferre uxōrem Raciliam iubet.he tells his wife Racilia to bring his toga quickly out of the cottage.

Liv. 3.26.10Quā simul abstersō pulvere ac sūdōre vēlātus prōcessit, dictātōrem eum lēgātī grātulantēs cōnsalūtant, in urbem vocant, quī terror sit in exercitū, expōnunt.As soon as he had wiped off the dust and sweat and came forward clothed in it, the envoys hail him as dictator with congratulations, summon him to the city, and explain what terror there is in the army. Liv. 3.26.11Nāvis Quīnctiō pūblicē parāta fuit, trānsvectumque trēs obviam ēgressī fīliī excipiunt, inde aliī propinquī atque amīcī, tum patrum maior pars.A boat had been made ready for Quinctius at public expense, and when he had been carried across his three sons, who had come out to meet him, receive him, then other relatives and friends, then the greater part of the senators. Liv. 3.26.12Eā frequentiā stīpātus antecēdentibus līctōribus dēductus est domum.Thronged by this crowd, with the lictors going before him, he was escorted home. Liv. 3.26.12Et plēbis concursus ingēns fuit;There was a huge concourse of the plebs too; Liv. 3.26.12sed ea nēquāquam tam laeta Quīnctium vīdit, et imperiī nimium et virum ipsō imperiō vehementiōrem rata.but they were by no means so glad to see Quinctius, thinking both his power excessive and the man more vehement than the power itself.

Liv. 3.26.12Et illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilātum est in urbe.And that night indeed nothing was done in the city except keep watch.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (231 words)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
urbs, urbis, f.city
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
foedō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake foul, disfigure; desecrate
ager, agri, m.field, land
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tum, adv.then, at that time
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
benignē, adv.kindly
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
reclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout back, cry out against, protest; re-echo
frūstrā, adv.in vain
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
que, enclitic conj.and
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
incursiō, -ōnis f.raid, attack
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
vāstitās, -ātis f.desolation, devastation
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
comparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscompare, set side by side; match
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
intāctus, -a, -umuntouched, unharmed
bellum, -ī, n.war
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
nam, conj.for
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
magnopere, adv.greatly, very much, exceedingly; earnestly
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nox, noctis, f.night
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
apertus, -a, -umopen
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
undique, adv.from or on all sides
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
quīnquefive
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
tam, adv.so
inopīnātus, -a, -umunexpected, unforeseen
īnspērātus, -a, -umunhoped-for, unexpected
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
sī, conj.if
nōn, adv.not
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
omnis, -eall, every
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
dīvitiae, -ārum f. pl.riches, wealth
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
honor, -ōris, m.honor
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
nisi, conj.if not, unless
effūsē (adv.)far and wide, without restraint
affluō (adfluō), -ere, -flūxīflow towards; abound, be plentiful
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
spēs, speī, f.hope
ūnicus, -a, -umone and only; unique, unequalled
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
populus, -ī m.people, nation
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nunc, adv.now
nāvālia, -ium n. pl.dockyard, docks
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
iūgerum, -ī n.a measure of land (about 2/3 acre)
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
prātum, -ī n.meadow
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
ibi, adv.in that place, there
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossusdig
pāla, -ae f.spade
innītor, -ī, innīxus sum (+ abl.)lean on
arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplow
opus, operis, n.work, task
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
bene, adv.well; successfully
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
togātus, -a, -umwearing the toga; Gallia togata: Gaul this side of the Alps, whose people had Roman citizenship
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
senātus, -ūs m.senate
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
rogitō, -ārekeep asking, ask eagerly
satin (= satisne)really? quite? (in questions)
salvē (adv.)in good health, well; satin salvē?: is all well?
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
tugurium, -ī n.hut, cottage; (of an animal) kennel
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
abstergeō, -ēre, -tersī, -tersuswipe off, wipe away
pulvis, -eris m.dust
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sūdor, -ōris m.sweat; toil
vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusveil, cover
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumcongratulate
cōnsalūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgreet together, hail (as)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
nāvis, -is, f.ship
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
trānsvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry across or over
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
fīlius, -ī, m.son
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
inde (adv.)from there; then
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
pater, patris, m.father
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
frequentia, -ae f.crowd, throng; full attendance
stīpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscrowd together; surround
antecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo before; surpass
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
sed, conj.but
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
nimium (adv.)too, too much
vir, virī, m.man
vehemēns, -entisviolent, forceful, severe
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstay awake, keep watch; be watchful
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.