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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.25

The Aequi break the treaty

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Liv. 3.25.1L. Minucius inde et C. Nautius cōnsulēs factī duās residuās annī priōris causās excēpērunt.Next Lucius Minucius and Gaius Nautius were made consuls and took over the two issues left over from the previous year. Liv. 3.25.2Eōdem modō cōnsulēs lēgem, tribūnī iūdicium dē Volsciō inpediēbant;In the same way as before, the consuls obstructed the law, the tribunes the trial of Volscius; Liv. 3.25.3sed in quaestōribus novīs maior vīs, maior auctōritās erat.but in the new quaestors there was greater force, greater authority. Liv. 3.25.3Cum M. Valeriō, Mānī fīliō, Volesī nepōte, quaestor erat T. Quīnctius Capitōlīnus, quī ter cōnsul fuerat.Quaestor with Marcus Valerius, son of Manius and grandson of Volesus, was Titus Quinctius Capitolinus, who had been consul three times. Liv. 3.25.3Is quoniam neque Quīnctiae familiae Caesō neque reī pūblicae maximus iuvenum restituī posset, falsum testem, quī dīcendae causae innoxiō potestātem adēmisset, iūstō ac piō bellō persequēbātur.Since Caeso could not be restored to the Quinctian family, nor the greatest of the young men to the state, he pursued with a just and righteous war the false witness who had robbed an innocent man of the chance to plead his case.

Liv. 3.25.4Cum Verginius maximē ex tribūnīs dē lēge ageret, duum mēnsum spatium cōnsulibus datum est ad īnspiciendam lēgem, ut, cum ēdocuissent populum, quid fraudis occultae ferrētur, sinerent deinde suffrāgium inīre.When Verginius, above all the tribunes, was pressing the law, a period of two months was granted to the consuls to examine the law, so that, when they had shown the people what hidden trickery was being proposed, they should then let them go to the vote. Liv. 3.25.4Hoc intervallī datum rēs tranquillās in urbe fēcit.The granting of this interval brought quiet to the city. Liv. 3.25.5Nec diūturnam quiētem Aequī dedērunt, quī ruptō foedere, quod ictum erat priōre annō cum Rōmānīs, imperium ad Gracchum Cloelium dēferunt;Nor did the Aequi allow a lasting quiet: breaking the treaty that had been struck with the Romans the year before, they confer the command on Gracchus Cloelius; Liv. 3.25.5is tum longē prīnceps in Aequīs erat.he was at that time by far the foremost man among the Aequi. Liv. 3.25.6Gracchō duce in Labīcānum agrum, inde in Tusculānum hostīlī populātiōne veniunt plēnīque praedae in Algidō castra locant.Under Gracchus' leadership they come with hostile ravaging into the territory of Labici, then into that of Tusculum, and, laden with booty, pitch camp on Algidus.

Liv. 3.25.6In ea castra Q. Fabius, P. Volumnius, A. Postumius lēgātī ab Rōmā vēnērunt questum iniūriās et ex foedere rēs repetītum.To that camp came envoys from Rome, Quintus Fabius, Publius Volumnius and Aulus Postumius, to complain of the wrongs and to demand restitution under the treaty. Liv. 3.25.6Eōs Aequōrum imperātor, quae mandāta habeant ab senātū Rōmānō, ad quercum iubet dīcere;The commander of the Aequi bids them tell whatever instructions they have from the Roman senate to the oak; Liv. 3.25.8sē alia interim āctūrum.he would meanwhile attend to other business. Liv. 3.25.8Quercus, ingēns arbor, praetōriō imminēbat, cuius umbra opāca sēdēs erat.An oak, a huge tree, overhung the general's tent, and its shade made a dark seat. Liv. 3.25.8Tum ex lēgātīs ūnus abiēns "et haec" inquit "sacrāta quercus et quidquid deōrum est audiant foedus ā vōbīs ruptum nostrīsque et nunc querellīs adsint et mox armīs, cum deōrum hominumque simul violāta iūra exsequēmur."Then one of the envoys said as he departed, 'Let this sacred oak and all the gods there are hear that the treaty has been broken by you, and let them stand by our complaints now and soon by our arms, when we shall avenge the rights of gods and men violated together.' Liv. 3.25.8Rōmam ut rediēre lēgātī, senātus iussit alterum cōnsulem contrā Gracchum in Algidum exercitum dūcere, alterī populātiōnem fīnium Aequōrum prōvinciam dedit.When the envoys returned to Rome, the senate ordered one consul to lead an army against Gracchus on Algidus, and assigned to the other as his province the ravaging of the territory of the Aequi.

Liv. 3.25.9Tribūnī suō mōre impedīre dīlēctum et forsitan ad ultimum impedīssent;The tribunes in their usual way obstructed the levy, and perhaps would have obstructed it to the end; Liv. 3.25.9sed novus subitō additus terror est.but suddenly a new terror was added.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (154 words)
inde (adv.)from there; then
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
residuus, -a, -umremaining, lingering
annus, -ī, m.year
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
lēx, lēgis f.law
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
sed, conj.but
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, prep, with abl.with
fīlius, -ī, m.son
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ter (adv.)three times
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quoniam, conj.since now, since
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
testis, -is m./f.witness
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
iūstus, -a, -umjust
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
pius, -a, -umdutiful, devoted, pious
bellum, -ī, n.war
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
mēnsis, -is m.month
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ēdoceō, -ēre, -docuī, -doctuminform thoroughly, explain
populus, -ī m.people, nation
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
deinde, adv.then, next
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
urbs, urbis, f.city
diūturnus, -a, -umlong-lasting
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
īcō, -ere, īcī, ictusstrike, hit; foedus īcere: make a treaty
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
tum, adv.then, at that time
longē, adv.far
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
Lavīcānus (Labīcānus), -a, -umof Labici
ager, agri, m.field, land
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
hostīlis, -eof the enemy, hostile
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
plēnus, -a, -umfull
que, enclitic conj.and
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
senātus, -ūs m.senate
quercus, -ūs f.oak tree
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
interim (adv.)meanwhile
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
arbor, -oris, f.tree
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
opācus, -a, -umshady, dark
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsecrate, dedicate
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
deus, -ī, m.god
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
vōsplur. of tū
noster, -tra, -trumour
nunc, adv.now
querella (querēla), -ae f.complaint, lament
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
mox, adv.soon
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
homō, hominis, m.man
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
forsitan (adv.)perhaps
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.