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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.24

Volscius accused; the census completed

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Liv. 3.24.1Hōc bellō perfectō tribūnicium domī bellum patrēs territat.When this war was finished, a tribunician war at home alarms the senators. Liv. 3.24.1Clāmant fraude fierī, quod forīs teneātur exercitus;The tribunes cry out that it is by trickery that the army is being kept abroad; Liv. 3.24.1frūstrātiōnem eam lēgis tollendae esse: sē nihilō minus rem susceptam perāctūrōs.this was a ruse to get rid of the law: they would nonetheless carry through what they had undertaken. Liv. 3.24.2Obtinuit tamen L. Lucrētius, praefectus urbis, ut āctiōnēs tribūniciae in adventum cōnsulum differrentur.Lucius Lucretius, the prefect of the city, prevailed, however, in having the tribunes' proceedings put off until the consuls' arrival. Liv. 3.24.2Erat et nova exorta causa mōtūs.A new cause of unrest had also arisen. Liv. 3.24.3A. Cornēlius et Q. Servīlius quaestōrēs M. Volsciō, quod falsus haud dubiē testis in Caesōnem extitisset, diem dīxerant.The quaestors Aulus Cornelius and Quintus Servilius had summoned Marcus Volscius to trial, because he had undoubtedly come forward as a false witness against Caeso. Liv. 3.24.3Multīs enim ēmānābat indiciīs neque frātrem Volscī, ex quō semel fuerit aeger, umquam nōn modo vīsum in pūblicō, sed nē adsurrēxisse quidem ex morbō multōrumque tābe mēnsum mortuum, nec iīs temporibus, in quae testis crīmen coniēcisset, Caesōnem Rōmae vīsum, adfirmantibus, quī ūnā meruerant, sēcum eum tum frequentem ad signa sine ūllō commeātū fuisse.For it was coming out from many indications that Volscius' brother, from the time he once fell ill, had not only never been seen in public, but had not even risen from his sickbed, and had died of a wasting disease lasting many months; and that at the time to which the witness had assigned the crime Caeso had not been seen at Rome, since those who had served with him affirmed that he had then been constantly at the standards with them, without any leave.

Liv. 3.24.5Nisi ita esset, multī prīvātim ferēbant Volsciō iūdicem.If this were not so, many privately challenged Volscius to a trial before a judge. Liv. 3.24.6Cum ad iūdicium īre nōn audēret, omnēs eae rēs in ūnum congruentēs haud magis dubiam damnātiōnem Volscī, quam Caesōnis Volsciō teste fuerat, faciēbant.Since he did not dare to go to trial, all these facts agreeing together made Volscius' condemnation no more doubtful than Caeso's had been on Volscius' evidence. Liv. 3.24.7In morā tribūnī erant, quī comitia quaestōrēs habēre dē reō, nisi prius habita dē lēge essent, passūrōs negābant.The obstacle was the tribunes, who said they would not allow the quaestors to hold an assembly about the defendant unless one had first been held about the law. Liv. 3.24.7Ita extrācta utraque rēs in cōnsulum adventum est.So both matters were dragged out until the consuls' arrival. Liv. 3.24.8Quī ubi triumphantēs victōre cum exercitū urbem iniērunt, quia silentium dē lēge erat, perculsōs magna pars crēdēbant tribūnōs.When they entered the city in triumph with their victorious army, a great many believed the tribunes had been cowed, because there was silence about the law. Liv. 3.24.9At illī — etenim extrēmum annī iam erat — quartum adfectantēs tribūnātum in comitiōrum disceptātiōnem ab lēge certāmen āverterant.But they — for it was already the end of the year — aiming at a fourth tribunate, had turned the struggle away from the law to a dispute over the elections.

Liv. 3.24.9Et cum cōnsulēs nihilō minus adversus continuātiōnem tribūnātūs, quam sī lēx minuendae suae maiestātis causā prōmulgāta ferrētur, tetendissent, victōria certāminis penes tribūnōs fuit.And although the consuls had striven against the prolonging of the tribunate no less than if a law were being proposed to diminish their own majesty, victory in the contest lay with the tribunes. Liv. 3.24.9Eōdem annō Aequīs pāx est petentibus data.In the same year peace was granted to the Aequi at their request. Liv. 3.24.10Cēnsus, rēs priōre annō inchoāta, perficitur;The census, a business begun in the previous year, is completed; Liv. 3.24.10idque lūstrum ab orīgine urbis decimum conditum ferunt.and they say this was the tenth lustrum closed since the founding of the city. Liv. 3.24.10Cēnsa cīvium capita centum septendecim mīlia trecenta ūndēvīgintī.The citizens counted in the census numbered one hundred and seventeen thousand three hundred and nineteen. Liv. 3.24.11Cōnsulum magna domī bellīque eō annō glōria fuit, quod et forīs pācem peperēre, et domī etsī nōn concors, minus tamen quam aliās īnfesta cīvitās fuit.The consuls won great glory at home and in war that year, because they both secured peace abroad and, at home, though the state was not harmonious, it was still less hostile than at other times.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (174 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
bellum, -ī, n.war
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
pater, patris, m.father
territō, -ārekeep frightening
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
quod, conj.that, in that, because
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
frūstrātiō, -ōnis f.evasion, delaying tactic; disappointment, frustration
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
lēx, lēgis f.law
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
minus, comp. adv.less
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
urbs, urbis, f.city
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
exorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise from, spring up, rise
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubiē (adv.)doubtfully; haud dubiē: without doubt
testis, -is m./f.witness
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
enim, conj.for
ēmānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumflow out, spring from; leak out, become known
indicium, -ī n.information, evidence; an informer's report
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
frāter, frātris, m.brother
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
umquam, adv.ever
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
sed, conj.but
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
adsurgō (assurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctusrise up, stand up; rise (from illness)
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
que, enclitic conj.and
tābēs, -is f.wasting, decay; plague, pestilence
mēnsis, -is m.month
morior, morī, mortuusdie
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
affirmō (adfirmō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare; confirm
ūnātogether, along
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
tum, adv.then, at that time
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
nisi, conj.if not, unless
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
prīvātim (adv.)privately, as individuals
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
omnis, -eall, every
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
congruō, -ere, -uīagree, fit, coincide
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
damnātiō, -ōnis f.condemnation
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mora, -ae, f.delay
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
prius, adv.before, first
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
cum, prep, with abl.with
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
quia (conj.)because
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
at, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
annus, -ī, m.year
iam, adv.now, already
quartus, -a, -umfourth
adfectō (affectō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusaim at, strive for, aspire to
tribūnātus, -ūs m.tribuneship, office of tribune (military or of the people)
disceptātiō, -ōnis f.dispute, debate; case for decision
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
continuātiō, -ōnis f.unbroken succession
sī, conj.if
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
prōmulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspublish, propose (a law)
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
victōria, -ae, f.victory
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
pāx, pācis f.peace
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cēnsus, -ūs m.count, census
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
inchoō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start on; sketch out
lūstrum, -ī n.a purifying sacrifice closing the census; a period of five years
orīgō, -inis f.origin, beginning, source; ancestry
decimus, -a, -umtenth
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
caput, capitis, n.head
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
septendecim (septemdecim) (indecl.)seventeen
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
trecentī, -ae, -athree hundred
ūndēvīgintī (indecl.)nineteen
glōria, -ae, f.glory
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
etsī, conj.even if, although
concors, -cordisof one mind, harmonious
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.