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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.23

War at Tusculum and on Algidus

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Liv. 3.23.1Dum ad Antium haec geruntur, interim Aequī rōbore iuventūtis praemissō arcem Tusculānam inprōvīsō nocte capiunt;While this was going on at Antium, the Aequi meanwhile sent ahead the pick of their young men and captured the Tusculan citadel unexpectedly by night; Liv. 3.23.2reliquō exercitū haud procul moenibus Tusculī cōnsīdunt, ut distenderent hostium cōpiās.with the rest of their army they encamp not far from the walls of Tusculum, so as to divide the enemy's forces. Liv. 3.23.2Haec celeriter Rōmam, ab Rōmā in castra Antium perlāta movent Rōmānōs haud secus, quam sī Capitōlium captum nūntiārētur;This news, swiftly carried to Rome and from Rome to the camp at Antium, moves the Romans no less than if the capture of the Capitol were being reported; Liv. 3.23.2adeō et recēns erat Tusculānōrum meritum, et similitūdō ipsa perīculī reposcere lātum auxilium vidēbātur.so recent was the service of the Tusculans, and the very likeness of the danger seemed to demand in return the help they had given. Liv. 3.23.3Fabius omissīs omnibus praedam ex castrīs raptim Antium convehit;Fabius, dropping everything, hastily conveys the booty from the camp to Antium; Liv. 3.23.3ibi modicō praesidiō relictō citātum agmen Tusculum rapit.leaving a modest garrison there, he hurries his army at a rapid march to Tusculum.

Liv. 3.23.3Nihil praeter arma et quod coctī ad manum fuit cibī ferre mīlitī licuit;The soldiers were allowed to carry nothing but their arms and whatever cooked food was to hand; Liv. 3.23.4commeātum ab Rōmā cōnsul Cornēlius subvehit.the consul Cornelius brings up supplies from Rome. Liv. 3.23.4Aliquot mēnsēs Tusculī bellātum.For several months there was fighting at Tusculum. Liv. 3.23.4Parte exercitūs cōnsul castra Aequōrum oppugnābat, partem Tusculānīs dederat ad arcem recuperandam.With part of his army the consul was attacking the camp of the Aequi; part he had given to the Tusculans to recover their citadel. Liv. 3.23.4Vī numquam eō subīrī potuit;It could never be approached by force; Liv. 3.23.4famēs postrēmō inde dētrāxit hostem.in the end hunger brought the enemy down from it. Liv. 3.23.5Quā postquam ventum ad extrēmum est, inermēs nūdīque omnēs sub iugum ab Tusculānīs missī.When it had come to the extremity of hunger, they were all sent under the yoke by the Tusculans, unarmed and stripped. Liv. 3.23.5Hōs ignōminiōsā fugā domum sē recipientīs Rōmānus cōnsul in Algidō cōnsecūtus ad ūnum omnēs occīdit.As they were retreating homewards in ignominious flight, the Roman consul overtook them on Algidus and killed them all to a man.

Liv. 3.23.5Victor ad Columen — id locō nōmen est — exercitū reductō castra locat.Victorious, he led his army back to Columen — that is the name of the place — and pitches camp. Liv. 3.23.6Et alter cōnsul, postquam moenibus iam Rōmānīs pulsō hoste perīculum esse dēsierat, et ipse ab Rōmā profectus.The other consul too, now that the enemy had been driven back and the walls of Rome had ceased to be in danger, set out from Rome himself. Liv. 3.23.7Ita bifāriam cōnsulēs ingressī hostium fīnēs ingentī certāmine hinc Volscōs, hinc Aequōs populantur.Thus the consuls, entering the enemy's territory on two fronts, vie with each other in ravaging the Volsci on one side and the Aequi on the other. Liv. 3.23.7Eōdem annō dēscīsse Antiātēs apud plērōsque auctōrēs inveniō;I find in most authorities that in the same year the people of Antium revolted; Liv. 3.23.7L. Cornēlium cōnsulem id bellum gessisse oppidumque cēpisse.that Lucius Cornelius the consul waged that war and captured the town. Liv. 3.23.7Certum adfirmāre, quia nūlla apud vetustiōrēs scrīptōrēs eius reī mentiō est, nōn ausim.I would not dare to affirm it as certain, because there is no mention of the matter in the older writers.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
interim (adv.)meanwhile
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
imprōvīsō (adv.)unexpectedly
nox, noctis, f.night
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
distendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out, stretch apart
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sī, conj.if
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
similitūdō, -inis f.likeness, resemblance
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
reposcō, -eredemand back, claim
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
omnis, -eall, every
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
raptim, adv.hurriedly, in haste
convehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry together, bring in, gather
ibi, adv.in that place, there
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
coquō, -ere, coxī, coctuscook; bake, fire (bricks)
manus, -ūs, f.hand
cibus, -ī, m.food
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
subvehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectumbring up (by water)
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
mēnsis, -is m.month
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
numquam, adv.never
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
famēs, -is, abl. famē, f.hunger
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
inde (adv.)from there; then
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
inermis, -eunarmed
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
que, enclitic conj.and
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ignōminiōsus, -a, -umdisgraced; shameful, disgraceful
fuga, -ae, f.flight
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
iam, adv.now, already
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situsstop, cease (+ inf.)
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
bifāriam (adv.)in two parts, in two places
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
annus, -ī, m.year
dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumbreak away, revolt, desert (from: ab)
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
bellum, -ī, n.war
oppidum, -ī, n.town
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
quia (conj.)because
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
vetustus, -a, -umold, ancient, long-established
scrīptor, -ōris m.writer, author
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
nōn, adv.not
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.