LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 3 › Ab Urbe Condita 3.22

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.22

Fabius storms the Volscian camp

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 3.22.1Cōnsulēs creātī Q. Fabius Vibulānus tertium et L. Cornēlius Maluginēnsis.The consuls elected were Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, for the third time, and Lucius Cornelius Maluginensis. Liv. 3.22.1Cēnsus āctus eō annō;The census was taken that year; Liv. 3.22.1lūstrum propter Capitōlium captum, cōnsulem occīsum condī religiōsum fuit.it was thought contrary to religion to close the lustrum, because the Capitol had been captured and a consul killed. Liv. 3.22.2Q. Fabiō, L. Cornēliō cōnsulibus prīncipiō statim annī rēs turbulentae.In the consulship of Quintus Fabius and Lucius Cornelius there was turmoil right at the beginning of the year. Liv. 3.22.2Īnstīgābant plēbem tribūnī;The tribunes were stirring up the plebs; Liv. 3.22.2bellum ingēns ā Volscīs et Aequīs Latīnī atque Hernicī nūntiābant: iam Antiī Volscōrum legiōnēs esse.the Latins and Hernici were reporting a huge war on the part of the Volsci and Aequi: the legions of the Volsci were already at Antium. Liv. 3.22.2Et ipsam colōniam ingēns metus erat dēfectūram;There was great fear, too, that the colony itself would revolt; Liv. 3.22.2aegrēque impetrātum ā tribūnīs, ut bellum praevertī sinerent.and with difficulty the tribunes were prevailed upon to let the war take precedence.

Liv. 3.22.2Cōnsulēs inde partītī prōvinciās: Fabiō ut legiōnēs Antium dūceret datum, Cornēliō ut Rōmae praesidiō esset, nē qua pars hostium, quī Aequīs mōs erat, ad populandum venīret.The consuls then divided the commands between them: to Fabius it was assigned to lead the legions to Antium, to Cornelius to act as a garrison at Rome, lest any part of the enemy, as was the custom of the Aequi, should come to plunder. Liv. 3.22.4Hernicī et Latīnī iussī mīlitēs dare ex foedere;The Hernici and Latins were ordered to provide soldiers under the treaty; Liv. 3.22.4duaeque partēs sociōrum in exercitū, tertia cīvium fuit.and two parts of the army were allies, a third citizens. Liv. 3.22.4Postquam ad diem praestitūtum vēnērunt sociī, cōnsul extrā portam Capēnam castra locat.After the allies had come on the appointed day, the consul pitches camp outside the Capene Gate. Liv. 3.22.4Inde lūstrātō exercitū Antium profectus haud procul oppidō statīvīsque hostium cōnsēdit.From there, after purifying the army, he set out for Antium and encamped not far from the town and the enemy's standing camp. Liv. 3.22.5Ubi cum Volscī, quia nōndum ab Aequīs vēnisset exercitus, dīmicāre nōn ausī, quem ad modum quiētī vallō sē tūtārentur, parārent, posterō diē Fabius nōn permixtam ūnam sociōrum cīviumque, sed trium populōrum trēs sēparātim aciēs circā vallum hostium īnstrūxit;There, when the Volsci, not daring to fight because the army from the Aequi had not yet come, were preparing to defend themselves quietly behind their rampart, on the following day Fabius drew up, not a single line mixing allies and citizens, but three separate lines of the three peoples around the enemy's rampart; Liv. 3.22.5ipse erat medius cum legiōnibus Rōmānīs.he himself was in the centre with the Roman legions.

Liv. 3.22.6Inde signum observāre iussit, ut pariter et sociī rem inciperent referrentque pedem, sī receptuī cecinisset.Then he ordered them to watch for the signal, so that the allies might begin the action together with him and fall back if he sounded the retreat. Liv. 3.22.6Equitēs item suae cuique partī post prīncipia collocat.Likewise he places each division's own cavalry behind its front line. Liv. 3.22.7Ita trifāriam adortus castra circumvenit et, cum undique īnstāret, nōn sustinentēs impetum Volscōs vallō dēturbat.Thus, attacking on three sides, he surrounded the camp and, pressing on from every direction, drove the Volsci, who could not withstand the assault, off their rampart. Liv. 3.22.7Trānsgressus inde mūnītiōnēs pavidam turbam inclīnātamque in partem ūnam castrīs expellit.Then, crossing the fortifications, he drives the frightened crowd, which had given way towards one side, out of the camp. Liv. 3.22.8Inde effūsē fugientēs eques, cui superāre vallum haud facile fuerat, cum ad id spectātor pugnae adstitisset, līberō campō adeptus parte victōriae fruitur territōs caedendō.Next the cavalry, for whom it had not been easy to get over the rampart, and who had stood by till then as spectators of the fight, caught them as they fled in disorder over the open plain and enjoyed a share of the victory by cutting down the terrified men.

Liv. 3.22.9Magna et in castrīs et extrā mūnīmenta caedēs fugientium fuit, sed praeda maior, quia vix arma sēcum efferre hostis potuit.Great was the slaughter of the fugitives both in the camp and outside the fortifications, but greater still the booty, because the enemy could scarcely carry their arms away with them. Liv. 3.22.9Dēlētusque exercitus foret, nī fugientīs silvae tēxissent.And the army would have been wiped out, had the woods not covered their flight.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (161 words)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
tertius, -a, -umthird
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cēnsus, -ūs m.count, census
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
annus, -ī, m.year
lūstrum, -ī n.a purifying sacrifice closing the census; a period of five years
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
religiōsus, -a, -umdevout, scrupulous in religion
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
turbulentus, -a, -umdisorderly, unruly
īnstīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusurge on, rouse, incite
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
bellum, -ī, n.war
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
iam, adv.now, already
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
que, enclitic conj.and
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
praevertō, -ere, -vertīattend to first, give priority to
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
inde (adv.)from there; then
partior, -īrī, partītus sumshare out, divide
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
praestituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusfix beforehand, appoint in advance
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
Capēnus, -a, -umCapene; porta Capēna: the Capene Gate, in the southern wall of Rome
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
oppidum, -ī, n.town
statīva, -ōrum n. pl.a standing camp, permanent camp
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
quia (conj.)because
nōndum, adv.not yet
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
nōn, adv.not
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sed, conj.but
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
populus, -ī m.people, nation
sēparātim (adv.)separately
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
cum, prep, with abl.with
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
pēs, pedis, m.foot
sī, conj.if
receptus, -ūs m.retreat; place of retreat
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
itemlikewise, also
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
trifāriam (adv.)in three parts, in three places
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
undique, adv.from or on all sides
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
dēturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive off, dislodge, knock down
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
turba, -ae f.crowd
inclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbend, lean; incline, tend
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
effūsē (adv.)far and wide, without restraint
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
spectātor, -ōris, m.looker-on, spectator
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
adsistō, -ere, adstitīstand by, stand near; appear
līber, lībera, līberumfree
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
victōria, -ae, f.victory
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētumdestroy, wipe out
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.