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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.13

Caeso's trial and flight into exile

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Liv. 3.13.1Premēbat reum praeter vulgātam invidiam crīmen ūnum, quod M. Volscius Fictor, quī ante aliquot annōs tribūnus plēbis fuerat, testis extiterat sē haud multō post, quam pestilentia in urbe fuerat, in iuventūtem grassantem in Subūrā incidisse.Besides the general resentment, one charge bore heavily on the defendant: Marcus Volscius Fictor, who some years before had been tribune of the plebs, had come forward as a witness that not long after the pestilence had been in the city he had fallen in with a band of young men roaming about in the Subura. Liv. 3.13.2Ibi rixam nātam esse, frātremque suum maiōrem nātū, necdum ex morbō satis validum, pugnō ictum ab Caesōne cecidisse;There a brawl had broken out, and his elder brother, not yet strong enough after his illness, had been struck by Caeso's fist and fallen; Liv. 3.13.3sēmianimem inter manūs domum ablātum mortuumque inde arbitrārī, nec sibi rem exequī tam atrōcem per cōnsulēs superiōrum annōrum licuīsse.he had been carried home half-dead in men's arms and, he believed, had died of it, and he had not been allowed by the consuls of previous years to pursue so atrocious a matter.

Liv. 3.13.3Haec Volsciō clāmitante adeō concitātī hominēs sunt, ut haud multum āfuerit, quīn impetū populī Caesō interīret.As Volscius kept shouting this, people were so roused that Caeso came close to perishing at the hands of the people. Liv. 3.13.3Verginius arripī iubet hominem et in vincula dūcī.Verginius ordered the man to be seized and taken off to prison. Liv. 3.13.4Patriciī vī contrā vim resistunt.The patricians met force with force. Liv. 3.13.4T. Quīnctius clāmitat, cui reī capitālis diēs dicta sit et dē quō futūrum prope diem iūdicium, eum indemnātum indictā causā nōn dēbēre violārī.Titus Quinctius kept shouting that a man against whom a capital charge had been laid, and about whom a trial was to be held shortly, ought not to be harmed uncondemned and without a hearing. Liv. 3.13.5Tribūnus supplicium negat sūmptūrum sē dē indemnātō;The tribune said he would not inflict punishment on a man uncondemned; Liv. 3.13.5servātūrum tamen in vinculīs esse ad iūdiciī diem, ut, quī hominem necāverit, dē eō suppliciī sūmendī cōpia populō Rōmānō fīat.but he would keep him in prison until the day of the trial, so that the Roman people might have the opportunity of punishing one who had killed a man.

Liv. 3.13.6Appellātī tribūnī mediō dēcrētō iūs auxiliī suī expediunt, in vincla conicī vetant;The tribunes, being appealed to, by a compromise decision exercised their right of protection: they forbade his being thrown into prison; Liv. 3.13.7sistī reum, pecūniamque, nī sistātur, populō prōmittī placēre prōnūntiant.they announced their decision that the defendant should appear and that money should be promised to the people if he did not appear. Liv. 3.13.7Summam pecūniae quantam aecum esset prōmittī, veniēbat in dubium;How large a sum of money it was fair to promise came into doubt; Liv. 3.13.8id ad senātum rēicitur.that was referred to the senate. Liv. 3.13.8Reus, dum cōnsulerentur patrēs, retentus in pūblicō est.While the senators were being consulted, the defendant was detained in public. Liv. 3.13.8Vadēs darī placuit;It was decided that sureties should be given; Liv. 3.13.8ūnum vadem tribus mīlibus aeris obligāvērunt;they bound each surety for three thousand pounds of bronze; Liv. 3.13.8quot darentur, permissum tribūnīs est.how many should be given was left to the tribunes. Liv. 3.13.8Decem fīniērunt.They fixed it at ten. Liv. 3.13.8Tot vadibus accūsātor vadātus est reum.With that many sureties the accuser held the defendant on bail.

Liv. 3.13.8Hic prīmus vādēs pūblicō dedit.He was the first to give sureties to the public treasury. Liv. 3.13.8Dīmissus ē forō nocte proximā in Tuscōs in exilium abiit.Released from the Forum, he went off the next night into exile among the Etruscans. Liv. 3.13.9Iūdiciī diē cum excūsārētur sōlum vertisse exiliī causā, nihilō minus Verginiō comitia habente collēgae appellātī dīmīsēre concilium.On the day of the trial, when it was pleaded in excuse for him that he had left the country to go into exile, nevertheless, as Verginius was holding the assembly, his colleagues, being appealed to, dismissed the gathering. Liv. 3.13.9Pecūnia ā patre exācta crūdēliter, ut dīvenditīs omnibus bonīs aliquamdiū trāns Tiberim velutī relēgātus dēviō quōdam tuguriō vīveret.The money was exacted from his father so pitilessly that, after selling off all his property, he lived for some time across the Tiber, as if banished, in some out-of-the-way hut.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (176 words)
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
vulgātus, -a, -umcommonly known, widespread
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quod, conj.that, in that, because
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
annus, -ī, m.year
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
testis, -is m./f.witness
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pestilentia, -ae f.plague, pestilence
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
grassor, -ārī, -ātus sumgo about, proceed; run riot, rage, attack
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
ibi, adv.in that place, there
rixa, -ae f.brawl, quarrel
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
frāter, frātris, m.brother
que, enclitic conj.and
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
necdum (adv.)and not yet, not yet
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
validus, -a, -umstrong
pugnus, -ī m.fist
īcō, -ere, īcī, ictusstrike, hit; foedus īcere: make a treaty
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
sēmianimis, -ehalf-alive, dying
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
manus, -ūs, f.hand
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
morior, morī, mortuusdie
inde (adv.)from there; then
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
tam, adv.so
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
clāmitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall out
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
homō, hominis, m.man
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
multum, adv.much, greatly, far
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
populus, -ī m.people, nation
intereō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusperish, die
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
patricius, -ī m.patrician, member of the old Roman nobility
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
capitālis, -edeadly; involving death
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
indemnātus, -a, -umuncondemned
indictus, -a, -umnot said; causā indictā: without a hearing, unheard
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
nōn, adv.not
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to death, slay, kill
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
prōnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusproclaim, announce
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
senātus, -ūs m.senate
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
pater, patris, m.father
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
vas, vadis m.surety, bail (person)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
obligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbind, oblige; mortgage, pledge
quot (indecl.)how many
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
decem, indecl. adj.ten
fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusbound, limit; end
tot (indecl.)so many
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
vador, -ārī, -ātus sumbind over by bail to appear in court
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
vādō, -erego
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
nox, noctis, f.night
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
excūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusexcuse, make excuses for
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
minus, comp. adv.less
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
crūdēliter (adv.)cruelly
dīvendō, -ere, -didī, -ditussell off piecemeal
omnis, -eall, every
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
aliquam diū (adv.)for some time
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
velutī (adv.)just as, as if
relēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, remove; banish
dēvius, -a, -umoff the main road, out of the way, remote; straying
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
tugurium, -ī n.hut, cottage; (of an animal) kennel
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.