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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.12

Caeso's friends plead for him

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Liv. 3.12.1Iam aderat iūdiciō diēs appārēbatque vulgō hominēs in damnātiōne Caesōnis lībertātem agī crēdere.Now the day of the trial was at hand, and it was clear that people generally believed that their liberty was at stake in Caeso's condemnation. Liv. 3.12.1Tum dēmum coāctus cum multā indignitāte prēnsābat singulōs.Then at last, under compulsion and with much indignity, he went canvassing individuals. Liv. 3.12.1Sequēbantur necessāriī, prīncipēs cīvitātis.His relatives followed, the leading men of the state. Liv. 3.12.1T. Quīnctius Capitōlīnus, quī ter cōnsul fuerat, cum multa referret sua familiaeque decora, adfirmābat neque in Quīnctiā gente neque in cīvitāte Rōmānā tantam indolem tam mātūrae virtūtis umquam extitisse;Titus Quinctius Capitolinus, who had been consul three times, recounting many distinctions of his own and his family, declared that neither in the Quinctian clan nor in the Roman state had there ever appeared so great a natural talent of so early-ripening a valour; Liv. 3.12.3suum prīmum mīlitem fuisse, sē saepe vidente pugnāsse in hostem;he had been his first soldier, and had often fought against the enemy under his eyes; Liv. 3.12.4Sp. Fūrius: missum ab Quīnctiō Capitōlīnō sibi eum in dubiīs suīs rēbus vēnisse subsidiō;Spurius Furius said that, sent by Quinctius Capitolinus, he had come to his help when his own fortunes were in doubt; Liv. 3.12.4nēminem ūnum esse, cuius magis operā putet rem restitūtam.there was no single man by whose efforts he thought the situation had been more restored.

Liv. 3.12.5L. Lucrētius, cōnsul annī priōris, recentī glōriā nitēns, suās laudēs participāre cum Caesōne, memorāre pugnās, referre ēgregia facinora nunc in expedītiōnibus, nunc in aciē, suādēre et monēre, iuvenem ēgregium, īnstrūctum nātūrae fortūnaeque omnibus bonīs, maximum mōmentum rērum eius cīvitātis, in quamcumque vēnisset, suum quam aliēnum māllent cīvem esse.Lucius Lucretius, consul of the previous year, shining with fresh glory, shared his own praises with Caeso, recalled battles, recounted outstanding deeds now on expeditions, now in the battle line, and urged and advised them to prefer that an outstanding young man, furnished with all the gifts of nature and fortune, who would be the greatest weight in the affairs of whatever state he came to, should be their own citizen rather than another's. Liv. 3.12.7Quod offendat in eō, fervōrem et audāciam, aetātem cottīdiē magis auferre;What gave offence in him, hot temper and boldness, age was taking away more every day; Liv. 3.12.7quod dēsīderētur, cōnsilium, id in diēs crēscere.what was found wanting, prudence, was growing day by day. Liv. 3.12.7Senēscentibus vitiīs, mātūrēscente virtūte sinerent tantum virum senem in cīvitāte fierī.As his faults grew old and his virtue ripened, they should allow so great a man to grow old in the state.

Liv. 3.12.8Pater inter hōs L. Quīnctius, cui Cincinnātō cognōmen erat, nōn iterandō laudēs, nē cumulāret invidiam, sed veniam errōrī atque adulēscentiae petendō, sibi, quī nōn dictō, nōn factō quemquam offendisset, ut condōnārent fīlium ōrābat.Among these his father, Lucius Quinctius, whose surname was Cincinnatus, not by repeating his praises, lest he heap up resentment, but by asking pardon for his error and his youth, begged them to forgive his son for his sake, since he had offended no one by word or deed. Liv. 3.12.9Sed aliī āversābantur precēs aut verēcundiā aut metū;But some turned away from these entreaties out of either diffidence or fear; Liv. 3.12.9aliī sē suōsque mulcātōs querentēs atrōcī respōnsō iūdicium suum praeferēbant.others, complaining that they and their friends had been beaten, made their verdict plain by a fierce reply.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×7, ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (144 words)
iam, adv.now, already
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
que, enclitic conj.and
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
homō, hominis, m.man
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
damnātiō, -ōnis f.condemnation
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
tum, adv.then, at that time
dēmum, adv.at last
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
cum, prep, with abl.with
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
indignitās, -ātis f.humiliation, indignity
prēnsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgrasp; canvass (by shaking hands)
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ter (adv.)three times
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
indolēs, -is f.natural character, nature, spirit
tam, adv.so
mātūrus, -a, -umripe
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
umquam, adv.ever
exstō, -ārestand out; appear, arise
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
saepe, adv.often, frequently
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
annus, -ī, m.year
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
glōria, -ae, f.glory
niteō, -ēre, -uīshine, glisten, be sleek
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
participō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare, share with others; take part in
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
nunc, adv.now
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
omnis, -eall, every
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
fervor, -ōris m.boiling, heat; passion, fury
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
aetās, -tātis, f.age
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
senēscō, -ere, senuīgrow old
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
mātūrēscō, -ere, mātūruīripen
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
vir, virī, m.man
senex, senis, m.old man
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
pater, patris, m.father
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cognōmen, -inis n.surname, added name, nickname
nōn, adv.not
iterō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrepeat, do again
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cumulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusheap up; crown, cap (one deed with another)
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
sed, conj.but
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
factum, -ī n.deed, act
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
condōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumforgive, overlook (for someone's sake)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
āversor, -ārī, -ātus sumturn away from, shun
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
mulcō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeat, maul, handle roughly
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.