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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.14

The patricians change their tactics

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Liv. 3.14.1Hoc iūdicium et prōmulgāta lēx exercuit cīvitātem;This trial and the proposed law kept the state busy; Liv. 3.14.1ab externīs armīs ōtium fuit.from foreign wars there was respite. Liv. 3.14.2Cum velut victōrēs tribūnī perculsīs patribus Caesōnis exiliō prope perlātam esse crēderent lēgem et, quod ad seniōrēs patrum pertinēret, cessissent possessiōne reī pūblicae, iūniōrēs, id maximē quod Caesōnis sodālicium fuit, auxēre īrās in plēbem, nōn minuērunt animōs;When the tribunes, like victors, believed that the law was all but carried now that the patricians had been shaken by Caeso's exile, and, as far as the older patricians were concerned, the senators had given up possession of the state, the younger men, above all those who had been Caeso's comrades, increased their anger against the plebs and did not lessen their spirit; Liv. 3.14.3sed ibi plūrimum prōfectum est, quod modō quōdam temperāvēre impetūs suōs.but they made most progress in this, that they moderated their attacks in a certain way. Liv. 3.14.4Cum prīmō post Caesōnis exilium lēx coepta ferrī est, īnstrūctī parātīque cum ingentī clientium exercitū sīc tribūnōs, ubi prīmum submoventēs praebuēre causam, adortī sunt, ut nēmō ūnus inde praecipuum quicquam glōriae domum invidiaeve ferret, mīlle prō ūnō Caesōnēs extitisse plēbēs quererētur.When the law first began to be brought forward after Caeso's exile, drawn up and ready, with a huge army of clients, they so attacked the tribunes, as soon as these gave them a pretext by trying to move them aside, that no single man carried home from there any special share of glory or of odium, and the plebs complained that a thousand Caesos had sprung up in place of one.

Liv. 3.14.4Mediīs diēbus, quibus tribūnī dē lēge nōn agerent, nihil eīsdem illīs placidius aut quiētius erat: benignē salūtāre, adloquī plēbis hominēs, domum invītāre, adesse in forō, tribūnōs ipsōs cētera patī sine interpellātiōne concilia habēre, numquam ūllī neque pūblicē neque prīvātim trucēs esse, nisi cum dē lēge agī coeptum esset;On the days between, when the tribunes were not pressing the law, nothing was gentler or more peaceable than those same men: they greeted plebeians kindly, talked with them, invited them home, attended them in the Forum, allowed the tribunes themselves to hold other assemblies without interruption, and were never harsh to anyone either in public or in private, except when proceedings on the law had begun; Liv. 3.14.6alibī populāris iuventūs erat.elsewhere the young men were friends of the people. Liv. 3.14.6Nec cētera modo tribūnī tranquillō perēgēre, sed refectī quoque in īnsequentem annum.And not only did the tribunes carry through their other business peacefully, but they were also re-elected for the following year. Liv. 3.14.6Nē vōce quidem incommodī, nēdum ut ūlla vīs fieret, paulātim permulcendō trāctandōque mānsuēfēcerant plēbem.Without even an offensive word, much less any violence, by gradually soothing and handling the plebs they had tamed them.

Liv. 3.14.6Hīs per tōtum annum artibus lēx ēlūsa est.By these arts the law was evaded throughout the whole year.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (138 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prōmulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspublish, propose (a law)
lēx, lēgis f.law
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
veluteven or just as, as
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
pater, patris, m.father
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
sodālicium, -ī n.club, fellowship; a circle of comrades
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
nōn, adv.not
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sed, conj.but
ibi, adv.in that place, there
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
quod, conj.that, in that, because
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
temperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum (ab + abl.)refrain (from)
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
prīmō, adv.at first
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
que, enclitic conj.and
cum, prep, with abl.with
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
cliēns, -entis m.client, dependent
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sīc, adv.so, thus
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtumdrive back
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
inde (adv.)from there; then
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
glōria, -ae, f.glory
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
exstō, -ārestand out; appear, arise
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
placidus, -a, -umcalm, gentle
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
benignē, adv.kindly
salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgreet; pay a morning call on
alloquor (adloquor), -loquī, -locūtus sumspeak to, address
homō, hominis, m.man
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinvite
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
sine, prep. with abl.without
interpellātiō, -ōnis f.interruption
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
numquam, adv.never
ūllus, -a, -umany
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
prīvātim (adv.)privately, as individuals
trux, trucissavage, fierce, grim
nisi, conj.if not, unless
alibī (adv.)elsewhere; alius alibi: some in one place, some in another
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
modo, adv.only
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
quoque, adv.also
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
annus, -ī, m.year
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
nēdum (adv.)much less, still less; not to say, much more
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
permulceō, -ēre, -mulsī, -mulsussoothe, calm, charm
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
mānsuēfaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factustame; make gentle, pacify
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ars, artis, f.art
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.