LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 3 › Ab Urbe Condita 3.11

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.11

Caeso Quinctius defies the tribunes

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 3.11.1At ex parte alterā cōnsulēs in cōnspectū eōrum positīs sellīs dīlēctum habēbant.But on the other side the consuls, having placed their chairs in full view of the tribunes, were holding the levy. Liv. 3.11.1Eō dēcurrunt tribūnī contiōnemque sēcum trahunt.There the tribunes hurried down and dragged the assembly with them. Liv. 3.11.1Citātī paucī velut reī experiundae causā, et statim vīs coorta.A few men were called up, as if to test the matter, and at once violence broke out. Liv. 3.11.2Quemcumque līctor iussū cōnsulis prēndisset, tribūnus mittī iubēbat;Whomever the lictor seized at the consul's order, the tribune ordered to be released; Liv. 3.11.2neque suum cuique iūs modum faciēbat, sed vīrium spēs, et manū obtinendum erat, quod intenderēs.nor did each man's right set the limit, but his hope of strength, and what you claimed had to be maintained by force. Liv. 3.11.3Quem ad modum sē tribūnī gessissent in prohibendō dīlēctū, sīc sē patrēs in lēge, quae per omnēs comitiālēs diēs ferēbātur, impedienda gerēbant.Just as the tribunes had conducted themselves in preventing the levy, so the patricians conducted themselves in obstructing the law, which was brought forward on every day on which assemblies could be held.

Liv. 3.11.4Initium erat rixae, cum discēdere populum iussissent tribūnī, quod patrēs sē submovērī haud sinēbant.The brawling would begin when the tribunes had ordered the people to separate, because the patricians would not allow themselves to be moved aside. Liv. 3.11.4Nec ferē seniōrēs reī intererant, quippe quae nōn cōnsiliō regenda, sed permissa temeritātī audāciaeque esset.The older men hardly took part in the matter, since it was not something to be governed by counsel but had been abandoned to recklessness and audacity. Liv. 3.11.5Multum et cōnsulēs sē abstinēbant, nē cui in conluuiōne rērum maiestātem suam contumēliae offerrent.The consuls too largely kept themselves away, so as not to expose their dignity to insult amid the confusion of affairs. Liv. 3.11.6Caesō erat Quīnctius, ferōx iuvenis quā nōbilitāte gentis, quā corporis magnitūdine et vīribus.There was one Caeso Quinctius, a young man high-spirited both from the nobility of his family and from the size and strength of his body. Liv. 3.11.6Ad ea mūnera data ā diīs et ipse addiderat multa bellī decora fācundiamque in forō, ut nēmō nōn linguā, nōn manū promptior in cīvitāte habērētur.To these gifts given by the gods he had himself added many honours in war and eloquence in the Forum, so that no one in the state was thought readier either with tongue or with hand.

Liv. 3.11.7Hic cum in mediō patrum agmine cōnstitisset ēminēns inter aliōs, velut omnēs dictātūrās cōnsulātūsque gerēns in vōce ac vīribus suīs, ūnus impetūs tribūniciōs populārēsque procellās sustinēbat.When he had taken his stand in the middle of the patrician throng, towering above the others, as if he bore all dictatorships and consulships in his voice and his strength, he alone withstood the onslaughts of the tribunes and the storms of the people. Liv. 3.11.8Hōc duce saepe pulsī forō tribūnī, fūsa ac fugāta plēbēs est;Under his leadership the tribunes were often driven from the Forum, and the plebs routed and put to flight; Liv. 3.11.8quī obvius fuerat, mulcātus nūdātusque abībat, ut satis appārēret, sī sīc agī licēret, victam lēgem esse.anyone who had got in his way went off beaten and stripped, so that it was quite clear that, if things could be done like this, the law was defeated. Liv. 3.11.9Tum prope iam perculsīs aliīs tribūnīs A. Verginius ex collēgiō ūnus Caesōnī capitis diem dīcit.Then, when the other tribunes were now almost crushed, Aulus Verginius, one of the college, indicted Caeso on a capital charge.

Liv. 3.11.9Atrōx ingenium accenderat eō factō magis quam conterruerat;By this action he had inflamed his violent nature rather than frightened it; Liv. 3.11.9eō ācrius obstāre lēgī, agitāre plēbem, tribūnōs velut iūstō persequī bellō.all the more fiercely he opposed the law, harried the plebs and pursued the tribunes as if in a regular war. Liv. 3.11.10Accūsātor patī reum ruere invidiaeque flammam ac māteriam crīminibus suīs suggerere;The accuser let the defendant rush headlong and feed the flame of resentment and supply material for the charges against himself; Liv. 3.11.10lēgem interim nōn tam ad spem perferendī quam ad lacessendam Caesōnis temeritātem ferre.meanwhile he pressed the law not so much in hope of carrying it as to provoke Caeso's rashness. Liv. 3.11.11Ibi multa saepe ab iuventūte incōnsultē dicta factaque in ūnīus Caesōnis suspectum incidunt ingenium.Then many things often said and done thoughtlessly by the young men were laid to the suspected temper of Caeso alone. Liv. 3.11.12Tamen lēgī resistēbātur.Still, the law was resisted. Liv. 3.11.12Et A. Verginius identidem plēbī: "ecquid sentītis iam vōs, Quirītēs, Caesōnem simul cīvem et lēgem, quam cupitis, habēre nōn posse?And Aulus Verginius said again and again to the plebs: 'Do you not see now, Quirites, that you cannot have Caeso as a fellow citizen and the law you long for at the same time?

Liv. 3.11.13Quamquam quid ego lēgem loquor?And yet why do I speak of the law? Liv. 3.11.13Lībertātī obstat;He stands in the way of liberty; Liv. 3.11.13omnēs Tarquiniōs superbia exsuperat.he outdoes all the Tarquins in arrogance. Liv. 3.11.13Expectāte, dum cōnsul aut dictātor fīat, quem prīvātum vīribus et audāciā regnantem vidētis."Wait until he becomes consul or dictator, whom you see playing the king as a private citizen by his strength and audacity.' Liv. 3.11.13Adsentiēbantur multī pulsātōs sē querentēs et tribūnum ad reum peragendum ultrō incitābant.Many agreed, complaining that they had been beaten, and even urged the tribune on to carry the prosecution through.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×8, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (210 words)
at, conj.but
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
dēcurrō, -currere, -cucurrī, -cursusrun down
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
que, enclitic conj.and
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
veluteven or just as, as
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
prēndō, -ere, prēndī, prēnsumgrasp, take hold of
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sed, conj.but
spēs, speī, f.hope
manus, -ūs, f.hand
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
sīc, adv.so, thus
pater, patris, m.father
lēx, lēgis f.law
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
omnis, -eall, every
comitiālis, -eof the assemblies; diēs comitiālis: a day on which assemblies could meet (and the senate normally did not)
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
initium, -ī, n.beginning
rixa, -ae f.brawl, quarrel
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
populus, -ī m.people, nation
quod, conj.that, in that, because
submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtumdrive back
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
nōn, adv.not
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
multum, adv.much, greatly, far
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
colluviō (conluviō), -ōnis f.filthy mixture, jumble; confusion
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
quā, adv.in which place, where
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
corpus, corporis, n.body
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
deus, -ī, m.god
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
bellum, -ī, n.war
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
fācundia, -ae f.eloquence, fluency of speech
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
dictātūra, -ae f.dictatorship
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
procella, -ae f.storm, gale
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
saepe, adv.often, frequently
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
mulcō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeat, maul, handle roughly
nūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, leave bare
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
sī, conj.if
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
tum, adv.then, at that time
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
iam, adv.now, already
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
collēgium (conlēgium), -ī n.board, body of colleagues
caput, capitis, n.head
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
conterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten badly, terrify
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
iūstus, -a, -umjust
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
flamma, -ae, f.flame
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
suggerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestusbring up, supply; prompt, remind (someone of something)
interim (adv.)meanwhile
tam, adv.so
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
ibi, adv.in that place, there
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
incōnsultē (adv.)rashly, without thinking
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
identidem (adv.)again and again
ecquid (adv.)at all? (introducing an eager question: 'do you at all ...?')
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
vōsplur. of tū
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quamquam, conj.however much, although
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
exsuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussurpass, exceed; be enough for
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
assentior (adsentior), -īrī, -sēnsus sumagree, assent (to: dat.)
pulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspush or strike against, knock, knock at
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, provoke
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.