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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.54

Survivors gather; panic in Rome

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Liv. 22.54.1Eō tempore, quō haec Canusiī agēbantur Venusiam ad cōnsulem ad quattuor mīlia et quīngentī peditēs equitēsque, quī sparsī fugā per agrōs fuerant pervēnēre.At the time when these things were happening at Canusium, about four thousand five hundred infantry and cavalry, who had been scattered through the countryside in the flight, reached the consul at Venusia. Liv. 22.54.2Eōs omnēs Venusīnī per familiās benignē accipiendōs cūrandōsque cum dīvīsissent, in singulōs equitēs togās et tunicās et quadrīgātōs nummōs quīnōs vīcēnōs et peditī dēnōs et arma, quibus dēerant, dedērunt, cēteraque pūblicē ac prīvātim hospitāliter facta certātumque, nē ā muliere Canusīnā populus Uenusīnus officiīs vincerētur.The Venusians distributed them all among families to be kindly received and cared for, and gave each horseman a toga, a tunic and twenty-five quadrigati, and each foot soldier ten, and arms to those who lacked them, and every other hospitality was shown, publicly and privately, and they vied with one another so that the people of Venusia should not be outdone in kindness by a woman of Canusium. Liv. 22.54.4Sed gravius onus Būsae multitūdō faciēbat.But the great number made the burden heavier for Busa.

Liv. 22.54.4Et iam ad decem mīlia hominum erant;Indeed there were by now about ten thousand men; Liv. 22.54.4Appiusque et Scīpiō, postquam incolumem esse alterum cōnsulem accēpērunt, nūntium extemplō mittunt, quantae sēcum peditum equitumque cōpiae essent, scīscitātumque simul utrum Venusiam addūcī exercitum an manēre iubēret Canusī.and Appius and Scipio, after learning that the other consul was safe, at once send a messenger to report how large a force of infantry and cavalry they had with them, and at the same time to ask whether he ordered the army to be brought to Venusia or to remain at Canusium. Liv. 22.54.6Varrō ipse Canusium cōpiās trādūxit.Varro himself brought his forces over to Canusium. Liv. 22.54.6Et iam aliqua speciēs cōnsulāris exercitūs erat, moenibusque sē certē, etsī nōn armīs, ab hoste vidēbantur dēfēnsūrī.And now there was some semblance of a consular army, and it seemed that they would at least defend themselves from the enemy with walls, if not with arms. Liv. 22.54.7Rōmam nē hās quidem reliquiās superesse cīvium sociōrumque, sed occīdiōne occīsum cum ducibus exercitum dēlētāsque omnēs cōpiās allātum fuerat.To Rome word had been brought that not even these remnants of citizens and allies survived, but that the army had been wiped out to a man with its commanders and all the forces destroyed.

Liv. 22.54.8Numquam salvā urbe tantum pavōris tumultūsque intrā moenia Rōmāna fuit.Never, while the city remained safe, was there so much panic and confusion within the walls of Rome. Liv. 22.54.8Itaque succumbam onerī neque adgrediar narrāre, quae ēdissertandō minōra vērō faciam.I shall therefore give way under the burden and not attempt to narrate what I should only make smaller than the truth by describing it. Liv. 22.54.8Cōnsule exercitūque ad Trasumennum priōre annō āmissō, nōn vulnus super vulnus, sed multiplex clādēs, cum duōbus cōnsulibus duo cōnsulārēs exercitūs āmissī nūntiābantur, nec ūlla iam castra Rōmāna nec ducem nec mīlitem esse;A consul and his army having been lost at Trasimene the year before, it was not wound upon wound but a manifold disaster that was being announced: two consular armies lost together with two consuls, and no Roman camp, no general, no soldier any longer left; Liv. 22.54.10Hannibalis Āpūliam, Samnium ac iam prope tōtam Ītaliam factam.Apulia, Samnium and now almost the whole of Italy had become Hannibal's. Liv. 22.54.10Nūlla profectō alia gēns tantā mōle clādis nōn obruta esset.Surely there is no other nation that would not have been overwhelmed by so vast a weight of disaster.

Liv. 22.54.11Comparēs clādem ad Aegātēs īnsulās Carthāginiēnsium proeliō nāvālī acceptam, quā frāctī Siciliā ac Sardiniā cessēre et vectīgālīs ac stīpendiāriōs fierī sē passī sunt, aut pugnam adversam in Āfricā, cui posteā hic ipse Hannibal succubuit: nūllā ex parte conparandae sunt, nisi quod minōre animō lātae sunt.Compare the disaster the Carthaginians suffered in the sea battle off the Aegates islands, broken by which they gave up Sicily and Sardinia and allowed themselves to become tributary and tax-paying, or the defeat in Africa to which this same Hannibal later succumbed: in no respect can they be compared, except that they were borne with less courage.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (158 words)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
fuga, -ae, f.flight
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
omnis, -eall, every
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
benignē, adv.kindly
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
tunica, -ae f.tunic
quadrīgātus, -a, -umstamped with a four-horse chariot; nummus quadrīgātus: a silver coin, the quadrigatus
nummus, -ī, m.coin
quīnī, -ae, -afive each, five at a time
vīcēnī, -ae, -atwenty each, twenty at a time
dēnī, -ae, -aten each, ten at a time
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prīvātim (adv.)privately, as individuals
hospitāliter (adv.)hospitably
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
certō, adv.with certainty, for certain, certainly
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
Canusīnus, -a, -umof Canusium, a town in Apulia
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Venusīnus, -a, -umof Venusia
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
sed, conj.but
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
onus, oneris n.load, weight
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
iam, adv.now, already
decem, indecl. adj.ten
homō, hominis, m.man
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
scīscitor, -ārī, -ātus sumask, inquire
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
an, conj.or (in questions)
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
etsī, conj.even if, although
nōn, adv.not
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
reliquiae, -ārum f. pl.remains, what is left over, leftovers
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
occīdiō, -ōnis f.massacre, extermination; occīdiōne occīdere: wipe out utterly
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
cum, prep, with abl.with
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētumdestroy, wipe out
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
numquam, adv.never
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
urbs, urbis, f.city
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
intrā, prep. with acc.within
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
succumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumsink under, give way, yield
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
ēdissertō, -āreexplain in full, relate in detail
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
annus, -ī, m.year
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
multiplex, -icismanifold, many-sided
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
ūllus, -a, -umany
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
comparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscompare, set side by side; match
īnsula, -ae, f.island
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
vectīgālis, -epaying tribute, tributary
stīpendiārius, -a, -umpaying tribute
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.