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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.53

Scipio forbids flight from Italy

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Liv. 22.53.1Cēterum cum ibi tribūnī mīlitum quattuor essent, Q. Fabius Maximus dē legiōne prīmā, cuius pater priōre annō dictātor fuerat, et dē legiōne secundā L. Pūblicius Bibulus et P. Cornēlius Scīpiō et dē legiōne tertiā Ap. Claudius Pulcher, quī proximē aedīlis fuerat, omnium cōnsēnsū ad P. Scīpiōnem admodum adulēscentem et ad Ap. Claudium summa imperiī Dēlāta est.Now, since there were four military tribunes there, Quintus Fabius Maximus of the first legion, whose father had been dictator the year before, and of the second legion Lucius Publicius Bibulus and Publius Cornelius Scipio, and of the third legion Appius Claudius Pulcher, who had lately been aedile, by general consent the supreme command was conferred on Publius Scipio, still a very young man, and on Appius Claudius. Liv. 22.53.4Quibus cōnsultantibus inter paucōs dē summā rērum nūntiat P. Fūrius Philus, cōnsulāris virī fīlius, nēquīquam eōs perditam spem fovēre, dēspērātam conplōrātamque rem esse pūblicam: nōbilēs iuvenēs quōsdam, quōrum prīncipem L. Caecilium Metellum, mare ac nāvēs spectāre, ut dēsertā Ītaliā ad rēgum aliquem trānsfugiant.While they were consulting with a few others about the general situation, Publius Furius Philus, the son of a man of consular rank, reports that they were cherishing a lost hope in vain, that the state was despaired of and mourned as dead: certain young nobles, whose leader was Lucius Caecilius Metellus, were looking to the sea and ships, intending to abandon Italy and flee over to one of the kings.

Liv. 22.53.6Quod malum, praeterquam atrōx, super tot clādēs etiam novum, cum stupōre ac mīrāculō torpidōs dēfīxisset, quī aderant, et cōnsilium advocandum dē eō cēnsērent, negat cōnsiliī rem esse Scīpiō iuvenis, fātālis dux huiusce bellī.When this evil, besides being dreadful, new as well on top of so many disasters, had rooted those present to the spot, numb with stupefaction and amazement, and they were proposing that a council should be called about it, the young Scipio, the general destined by fate for this war, says that it is no matter for a council. Liv. 22.53.7Audendum atque agendum, nōn cōnsultandum ait in tantō malō esse.In so great an evil, he says, they must dare and act, not deliberate. Liv. 22.53.7Īrent sēcum extemplō armātī, quī rem pūblicam salvam vellent;Let those who wished the state to be safe come with him at once, armed; Liv. 22.53.8nūlla vērius, quam ubi ea cōgitentur, hostium castra esse.no camp was more truly an enemy camp than one where such things were being contemplated. Liv. 22.53.9Pergit īre sequentibus paucīs in hospitium Metellī, et cum concilium ibi iuvenum, dē quibus allātum erat, invēnisset, strictō super capita cōnsultantium gladiō " ex meī animī sententiā" inquit, "ut ego rem pūblicam populī Rōmānī nōn dēseram neque alium cīvem Rōmānum dēserere patiar;He goes on, with a few following, to Metellus' lodging, and when he had found a gathering there of the young men who had been reported, drawing his sword over the heads of those conferring, he said: 'From my heart and soul I swear that I will not desert the state of the Roman people, nor allow any other Roman citizen to desert it; Liv. 22.53.11sī sciēns fallō, tum mē Iuppiter optimus maximus, domum, familiam remque meam pessimō lētō adficiat.if I knowingly break my oath, then may Jupiter Best and Greatest bring my house, my family and my fortune to the worst of destruction.

Liv. 22.53.12In haec verba, L. Caecilī, iūrēs postulō cēterīque, quī adestis;I demand that you swear in these words, Lucius Caecilius, and the rest of you who are here; Liv. 22.53.12quī nōn iūrāverit, in sē hunc gladium strictum esse sciat."whoever does not swear, let him know that this sword is drawn against him.' Liv. 22.53.13Haud secus pavidī, quam sī victōrem Hannibalem cernerent, iūrant omnēs custōdiendōsque sēmet ipsōs Scīpiōnī trāduntTerrified no less than if they were looking on the victorious Hannibal, they all swear and hand themselves over to Scipio to be kept in custody.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (143 words)
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ibi, adv.in that place, there
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
pater, patris, m.father
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
annus, -ī, m.year
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
tertius, -a, -umthird
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
aedīlis, -is m.aedile, a magistrate in charge of public buildings, markets and games
omnis, -eall, every
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
admodum (adv.)very, quite
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
cōnsultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdeliberate, take counsel; consult the interests of (+ dat.)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
vir, virī, m.man
fīlius, -ī, m.son
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
perditus, -a, -umabandoned, desperate
spēs, speī, f.hope
foveō, -ēre, fōvī, fōtuskeep warm; cherish, favour
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
complōrō (conplōrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātuslament loudly, bewail
que, enclitic conj.and
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
mare, maris, n.sea
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nāvis, -is, f.ship
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
rēx, rēgis, m.king
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
trānsfugiō, -ere, -fūgīdesert, go over to the enemy
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
tot (indecl.)so many
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
stupor, -ōris m.astonishment, amazement
mīrāculum, -ī, n.wonder, marvel, miracle
torpidus, -a, -umnumb, paralysed, stupefied
dēfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusdrive in, fix firmly
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
fātālis, -efated, destined; fatal, deadly
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
bellum, -ī, n.war
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
nōn, adv.not
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
armātus, -a, -umarmed
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
volō, velle, voluīwish
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
vērē (adv.)truly, really
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
caput, capitis, n.head
gladius, -ī, m.sword
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
sī, conj.if
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
tum, adv.then, at that time
bonus, -a, -umgood
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
malus, -a, -umbad
lētum, -ī n.death
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
verbum, -ī, n.word
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusguard
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.