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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.52

The camps surrender; Busa of Canusium

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Liv. 22.52.1Spoliīs ad multum diēī lēctīs Hannibal ad minōra dūcit castra oppugnanda et omnium prīmum bracchiō obiectō flūmine eōs exclūdit.When the spoils had been gathered until late in the day, Hannibal leads his men to attack the smaller camp, and first of all cuts them off from the river by throwing up a wall. Liv. 22.52.2Cēterum abomnibus labōre vigiliīs vulneribus etiam fessīs mātūrior ipsīus spē dēditiō est facta facta.But since all were worn out with toil, sleeplessness and wounds too, surrender came sooner than even he had hoped. Liv. 22.52.3Pactī, ut arma atque equōs trāderent, in capita Rōmāna trecēnīs nummīs quadrīgātīs, in sociōs ducēnīs, in servōs centēnīs, ut eō pretiō persolūtō cum singulīs abīrent uestīmentīs in castra hostis accēpērunt trāditī, que in custōdiam omnēs sunt, seorsum cīvēs sociīque.They agreed to hand over their arms and horses, at a price of three hundred quadrigati for each Roman, two hundred for each ally, a hundred for each slave, and that when that price was paid they should go away with a single garment each; then they let the enemy into the camp, and all were put under guard, citizens and allies separately.

Liv. 22.52.4Dum ibi tempus teritur, intereā cum ex maiōribus castrīs, quibus satis vīrium et animī fuit, ad quattuor mīlia hominum et ducentī equitēs, aliī agmine, aliī pālātī passim per agrōs, quod haud minus tūtum erat, Canusium perfūgissent, castra ipsa ab sauciīs timidīsque eādem condiciōne quā altera trādita hostī.While time was spent there, meanwhile, after about four thousand men and two hundred horsemen from the larger camp, those who had enough strength and spirit, had escaped to Canusium, some in column, others straggling widely through the fields, which was no less safe, the camp itself was handed over to the enemy by the wounded and the timid on the same terms as the other. Liv. 22.52.5Praeda ingēns parta est, et praeter equōs virōsque et sī quid argentī — quod plūrimum in phalerīs equōrum erat, nam ad vēscendum factō perexiguō, utique mīlitantēs, ūtēbantur — omnis cētera praeda dīripienda data est.Enormous booty was won, and apart from the horses and men and any silver there was (most of it was on the horses' trappings, for they used very little wrought silver for eating, at any rate on campaign), all the rest of the booty was given over to plunder.

Liv. 22.52.6Tum sepeliendī causā cōnferrī ūnum corpora suōrum iussit.Then he ordered the bodies of his own men to be brought together in one place for burial. Liv. 22.52.6Ad octō mīlia fuisse dīcuntur fortissimōrum virōrum.They are said to have been about eight thousand of his bravest men. Liv. 22.52.6Cōnsulem quoque Rōmānum conquīsītum sepultumque quīdam auctōrēs sunt.Some authorities state that the Roman consul too was sought out and buried. Liv. 22.52.7Eōs, quī Canusium perfūgerant, mulier Apula nōmine Būsa, genere clāra ac dīvitiīs, moenibus tantum tēctīsque ā Canusīnīs acceptōs, frūmentō veste viāticō etiam iūvit, prō quā eī mūnificentiā posteā, bellō perfectō, ab senātū honōrēs habitī sunt.Those who had fled to Canusium, admitted by the Canusians only within their walls and houses, were helped also with grain, clothing and even money for the journey by an Apulian woman named Busa, distinguished by birth and wealth, and for this generosity honours were later paid her by the senate, when the war was over.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×4, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (146 words)
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
multum, -ī, n.much
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
omnis, -eall, every
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
flūmen, -minis, n.river
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
mātūrus, -a, -umripe
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
spēs, speī, f.hope
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
pacīscor, -ī, pactus sumagree, arrange; pactus: agreed upon
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
equus, -ī, m.horse
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
caput, capitis, n.head
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
trecēnī, -ae, -athree hundred each, three hundred at a time
nummus, -ī, m.coin
quadrīgātus, -a, -umstamped with a four-horse chariot; nummus quadrīgātus: a silver coin, the quadrigatus
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
ducēnī, -ae, -atwo hundred each
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
centēnī, -ae, -aa hundred each, in hundreds
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
persolvō, -solvere, -solvī, -solūtuspay completely, pay
cum, prep, with abl.with
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
vestīmentum, -ī n.garment, clothing
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
que, enclitic conj.and
custōdia, -ae f.guard, protection
seorsum (adv.)apart, separately, on one's own
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
ibi, adv.in that place, there
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
homō, hominis, m.man
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
minus, comp. adv.less
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
perfugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee for refuge, desert
saucius, -a, -umwounded
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
vir, virī, m.man
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
argentum, -ī, n.silver
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
phalerae, -ārum f. pl.metal discs worn as ornaments, esp. on horses' harness; trappings
nam, conj.for
vēscor, -īfeed on, eat
perexiguus, -a, -umvery small
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tum, adv.then, at that time
sepeliō, sepelīre, sepelīvī, sepultusbury
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
corpus, corporis, n.body
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
octō (indecl.)eight
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
fortis, -ebrave
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
quoque, adv.also
conquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītumsearch out, hunt down
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
Apulus, -a, -umApulian, of Apulia in south-east Italy
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
dīvitiae, -ārum f. pl.riches, wealth
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
viāticum, -ī n.travel money, provisions for a journey; savings
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
mūnificentia, -ae f.generosity, open-handedness
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
bellum, -ī, n.war
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
senātus, -ūs m.senate
honor, -ōris, m.honor
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.