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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.51

Maharbal's advice; the battlefield next day

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Liv. 22.51.1Hannibalī victōrī cum cēterī circumfūsī grātulārentur suādērentque, ut tantō perfūnctus bellō diēī quod reliquum esset noctisque īnsequentis quiētem et ipse sibi sūmeret et fessīs daret mīlitibus, Maharbal praefectus equitum, minimē cessandum ratus " immō ut, quid hāc pugnā sit āctum, sciās, diē quīntō" inquit "victor in Capitōliō epulāberis.When everyone else was crowding round the victorious Hannibal, congratulating him and urging that, having finished so great a war, he should both take rest himself for what remained of the day and the following night and give it to his weary soldiers, Maharbal, the cavalry commander, thinking there should be no delay at all, said: 'No: so that you may know what has been achieved by this battle, on the fifth day you will feast as victor on the Capitol. Liv. 22.51.2Sequere;Follow; Liv. 22.51.2cum equite ut prius vēnisse quam ventūrum sciant, praecēdam."I will go ahead with the cavalry, so that they will know I have come before they know I am coming.' Liv. 22.51.2Hannibalī nimis laeta rēs est vīsa maiorque, quam ut eam statim capere animō posset.The thing seemed to Hannibal too joyful and too great for him to grasp it in his mind at once.

Liv. 22.51.3Itaque voluntātem sē laudāre Maharbalis ait;So he says that he praises Maharbal's goodwill; Liv. 22.51.3ad cōnsilium pēnsandum temporis opus esse.but that time was needed to weigh the plan. Liv. 22.51.4Tum Maharbal: "nōn omnia nīmīrum eīdem dī dedēre: vincere scīs, Hannibal, victōriā ūtī nescīs."Then Maharbal said: 'The gods, it seems, have not given everything to the same man: you know how to win, Hannibal; you do not know how to use victory.' Liv. 22.51.4Mora eius diēī satis crēditur salūtī fuisse urbī atque imperiō.That day's delay is widely believed to have been the salvation of the city and the empire. Liv. 22.51.5Posterō diē ubi prīmum inlūxit, īre ad spolia legenda foedamque etiam hostibus spectandam strāgem īnsistunt.On the next day, as soon as it was light, they set about collecting the spoils and viewing the carnage, a horrible sight even for enemies. Liv. 22.51.6Iacēbant tot Rōmānōrum mīlia, peditēs passim equitēsque, ut quem cuique fors aut pugna iūnxerat aut fugā.There lay so many thousands of Romans, infantry and cavalry everywhere, as chance had joined each man to another, in the battle or in flight.

Liv. 22.51.6Adsurgentēs quīdam ex strāge mediā cruentī, quōs stricta mātūtīnō frīgore excitāverant vulnera, ab hoste oppressī sunt;Some, rising all bloody from the midst of the slaughter, roused by their wounds, which had stiffened in the morning cold, were cut down by the enemy; Liv. 22.51.7quōsdam et iacentīs vīvōs succīsīs feminibus poplitibusque invēnērunt, nūdantīs cervīcem iugulumque et reliquum sanguinem iubentēs haurīre;some they found lying still alive with thighs and hamstrings cut, baring their necks and throats and bidding them drain the blood that remained; Liv. 22.51.8inventī quīdam sunt mersīs in effossam terram capitibus, quōs sibi ipsōs fēcisse foveās obruentēsque ōra superiectā humō interclūsisse spīritum appārēbat.some were found with their heads buried in holes dug in the earth; it was clear that they had made the pits for themselves and, heaping soil over their faces, had shut off their breath. Liv. 22.51.9Praecipuē convertit omnēs subtractus Numida mortuō superincubantī Rōmānō uīvus nāsō auribusque lacerātīs, cum ille manibus ad capiendum tēlum inūtilibus in rabiem īrā versā laniandō dentibus hostem expīrāsset.What especially drew everyone's attention was a Numidian dragged out alive from under a dead Roman lying on top of him, with nose and ears torn, since the Roman, his hands useless for grasping a weapon, his anger turned to madness, had died tearing his enemy with his teeth.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (160 words)
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour around; (passive) crowd around, surround
grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumcongratulate
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
que, enclitic conj.and
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
perfungor, -ī, -fūnctus sumgo through, perform; endure to the end (+ abl.)
bellum, -ī, n.war
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nox, noctis, f.night
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
epulor, -ārī, -ātus sumfeast, banquet
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
cum, prep, with abl.with
prius, adv.before, first
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
praecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo before; surpass
nimis (adv.)too much, too
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
pēnsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweigh, ponder; make up for, compensate, offset
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
opus, operis, n.work, task
tum, adv.then, at that time
nōn, adv.not
omnis, -eall, every
nīmīrum (adv.)of course, no doubt, evidently (often ironic)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
deus, -ī, m.god
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
victōria, -ae, f.victory
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
mora, -ae, f.delay
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
urbs, urbis, f.city
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
illūcēscō (inlūcēscō), -ere, -lūxīgrow light, dawn
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitīstand on
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
tot (indecl.)so many
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
fors, fortis f.chance, luck
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
fuga, -ae, f.flight
assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
mātūtīnus, -a, -umof the morning, early
frīgus, -oris n.cold
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
succīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut below or down
femur, -oris n.thigh
poples, -itis m.back of the knee; knee
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
nūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, leave bare
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
iugulum, -ī n.throat
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustusdraw
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersusdip, plunge, sink
effodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusdig out; gouge out
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
caput, capitis, n.head
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
fovea, -ae f.pit, pitfall
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
superiaciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow over, fling over; overtop
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
interclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsumcut off, block
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
praecipuē, adv.especially
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
subtrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractumtake away, withdraw
mortuus, -a, -umdead
superincubō, -ārelie on top of
nāsus, -ī m.nose
auris, -is, f.ear
lacerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces; squander, waste
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
manus, -ūs, f.hand
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
inūtilis, -enot useful, useless
rabiēs, -ēī f.madness, fury
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
laniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, mangle
dēns, dentis, m.tooth
exspīrō (expīrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumbreathe out; breathe one's last, die
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.