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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.40

Paulus replies and joins the army

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Liv. 22.40.1Adversus ea ōrātiō cōnsulis haud sānē laeta fuit, magis fatentis ea, quae dīceret, vēra quam facilia factū esse.The consul's reply to this was far from cheerful, as he admitted that what Fabius said was true rather than easy to do. Liv. 22.40.2Dictātōrī magistrum equitum intolerābilem fuisse: quid cōnsulī adversus collēgam sēditiōsum ac temerārium vīrium atque auctōritātis fore?The master of the horse had been intolerable to a dictator: what strength and authority would a consul have against a mutinous and rash colleague? Liv. 22.40.3Sē populāre incendium priōre cōnsulātū sēmustum effūgisse;In his former consulship he had escaped the popular blaze half-burnt; Liv. 22.40.3optāre, ut omnia prosperē ēvenīrent;he hoped that all would turn out well; Liv. 22.40.3sed sī quid adversī caderet, hostium sē tēlīs potius quam suffrāgiīs īrātōrum cīvium caput obiectūrum.but if any misfortune befell, he would expose his life to the weapons of the enemy rather than to the votes of angry citizens. Liv. 22.40.4Ab hōc sermōne profectum Paulum trādunt prōsequentibus prīmōribus patrum;They record that after this conversation Paulus set out escorted by the leading senators; Liv. 22.40.4plēbēium cōnsulem sua plēbēs prōsecūta, turba cōnspectior, cum dignitātēs dēessent.the plebeian consul was escorted by his own plebs, a more conspicuous crowd, though men of rank were lacking.

Liv. 22.40.5Ut in castra vēnērunt, permixtō novō exercitū ac vetere castrīs bifāriam factīs, ut nova minōra essent propius Hannibalem, in veteribus maior pars et omne rōbur vīrium esset, cōnsulum annī priōris M. Atīlium aetātem excūsantem Rōmam mīsērunt, Geminum Servīlium in minōribus castrīs legiōnī Rōmānae et socium peditum equitumque duōbus mīlibus praeficiunt.When they came to the camp, the new and the old armies were mixed together and two camps made, so that the new, smaller one was nearer Hannibal, while the old held the greater part and all the main strength of the forces; of the consuls of the previous year they sent Marcus Atilius, who pleaded his age, to Rome, and put Geminus Servilius in charge of a Roman legion and two thousand allied infantry and cavalry in the smaller camp. Liv. 22.40.7Hannibal quamquam parte dīmidiā auctās hostium cōpiās cernēbat, tamen adventū cōnsulum mīrē gaudēre.Hannibal, although he saw that the enemy's forces had been increased by half, was nevertheless wonderfully glad at the consuls' arrival. Liv. 22.40.8Nōn sōlum enim nihil ex raptīs in diem commeātibus superābat, sed nē unde raperet quidem quicquam reliquī erat omnī undique frūmentō, postquam ager parum tūtus erat, in urbēs mūnītās convectō, ut vix decem diērum, quod conpertum posteā est, frūmentum superesset, Hispānōrumque ob inopiam trānsitiō parāta fuerit, sī mātūritās temporum expectāta foret.For not only was nothing left of the supplies plundered from day to day, but there was not even anything left from which to plunder, since all the grain on every side, once the countryside became insufficiently safe, had been carried into fortified cities, so that scarcely ten days' grain remained, as was discovered later, and the Spaniards, because of the shortage, had prepared to desert, if the ripening of the season had been waited for.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (137 words)
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
intolerābilis, -eunbearable
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
sēditiōsus, -a, -umrebellious, stirring up trouble
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
temerārius, -a, -umrash, reckless
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
sēmustus (sēmiustus), -a, -umhalf-burnt
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
omnis, -eall, every
prosperē (adv.)successfully, favourably
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
sed, conj.but
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
potius (adv.)rather
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
caput, capitis, n.head
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
pater, patris, m.father
plēbēius, -a, -umof the common people, plebeian; common, vulgar
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
turba, -ae f.crowd
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
vetus, veterisold, former
bifāriam (adv.)in two parts, in two places
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
propius (comp. adv. and prep. + acc.)nearer, closer (to)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
annus, -ī, m.year
aetās, -tātis, f.age
excūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusexcuse, make excuses for
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
que, enclitic conj.and
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
quamquam, conj.however much, although
dīmidius, -a, -umhalf
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
mīrē (adv.)wonderfully, remarkably
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
nōn, adv.not
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
enim, conj.for
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
unde, adv.whence
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
undique, adv.from or on all sides
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
ager, agri, m.field, land
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
urbs, urbis, f.city
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
convehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry together, bring in, gather
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
decem, indecl. adj.ten
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
trānsitiō, -ōnis f.going over (to the enemy), desertion
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
mātūritās, -ātis f.ripeness, full development
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.