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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.37

King Hiero sends gifts to Rome

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Liv. 22.37.1Per eōsdem diēs ab Hierōne classis Ōstia cum magnō commeātū accessit.During the same days a fleet from Hiero put in at Ostia with a large cargo of supplies. Liv. 22.37.2Lēgātī in senātum intrōductī nūntiārunt caedem C. Flāminī cōnsulis exercitūsque allātam adeō aegrē tulisse rēgem Hierōnem, ut nūllā suā propriā regnīque suī clāde movērī magis potuerit.His envoys, brought into the senate, announced that King Hiero had been so grieved at the news of the slaughter of the consul Gaius Flaminius and his army that no disaster of his own or of his kingdom could have moved him more. Liv. 22.37.3Itaque, quamquam probē sciat magnitūdinem populī Rōmānī admīrābiliōrem prope adversīs rēbus quam secundīs esse, tamen omnia, quibus ā bonīs fidēlibusque sociīs bella iuvārī soleant, mīsisse;Therefore, though he well knew that the greatness of the Roman people was almost more admirable in adversity than in prosperity, he had nevertheless sent everything with which wars were usually aided by good and loyal allies; Liv. 22.37.4quae nē accipere abnuant, magnō opere sē patrēs cōnscrīptōs ōrāre.and he earnestly begged the conscript fathers not to refuse to accept these things.

Liv. 22.37.5Iam omnium prīmum ōminis causā Victōriam auream pondō ducentum ac vīgintī adferre sēsē: acciperent eam tenērentque et habērent propriam et perpetuam.First of all, for the sake of the omen, they were bringing a golden Victory weighing two hundred and twenty pounds: let them accept it, keep it and hold it as their own for ever. Liv. 22.37.6Advēxisse etiam trecenta mīlia modium trīticī, ducenta hordeī, nē commeātūs dēessent, et quantum praetereā opus esset, quō iussissent, subvectūrōs.They had also brought three hundred thousand pecks of wheat and two hundred thousand of barley, so that supplies should not run short, and whatever more was needed they would convey wherever they were ordered. Liv. 22.37.7Mīlite atque equite scīre nisi Rōmānō Latīnīque nōminis nōn ūtī populum Rōmānum;He knew that the Roman people used no infantry or cavalry except Romans and men of Latin status; Liv. 22.37.7levium armōrum auxilia etiam externa vīdisse in castrīs Rōmānīs: itaque mīsisse mīlle sagittāriōrum ac funditōrum, aptam manum adversus Baliārēs ac Maurōs pugnācēsque aliās missilī tēlō gentēs.but he had seen light-armed auxiliaries, even foreign ones, in Roman camps: so he had sent a thousand archers and slingers, a force well suited against the Balearians and Moors and other peoples who fight with missiles.

Liv. 22.37.9Ad ea dōna cōnsilium quoque addēbant, ut praetor, cui prōvincia Sicilia ēvēnisset, classem in Āfricam trāiceret, ut et hostēs in terrā suā bellum habērent minusque laxāmentī darētur iīs ad auxilia Hannibalī summittenda.To these gifts they also added advice, that the praetor to whom the province of Sicily had fallen should take a fleet across to Africa, so that the enemy too might have war in their own land and be given less freedom to send reinforcements to Hannibal. Liv. 22.37.10Ab senātū ita respōnsum rēgis lēgātīs est, virum bonum ēgregiumque socium Hierōnem esse atque ūnō tenōre, ex quō in amīcitiam populī Rōmānī vēnerit, fidem coluisse ac rem Rōmānam omnī tempore ac locō mūnificē adiūvisse.The senate replied to the king's envoys that Hiero was a good man and an outstanding ally, and that in one unbroken course, ever since he had entered into the friendship of the Roman people, he had kept faith and generously aided the Roman cause at every time and place. Liv. 22.37.10Id perinde ac dēbēret grātum populō Rōmānō esse.This was as welcome to the Roman people as it ought to be.

Liv. 22.37.11Aurum et ā cīvitātibus quibusdam allātum grātiā reī acceptā nōn accēpisse populum Rōmānum;Gold had also been brought by certain states, but the Roman people, while grateful for the gesture, had not accepted it; Liv. 22.37.12victōriam ōmenque accipere sēdemque eī sē dīvae dare dicāre Capitōlium, templum Iouis optimī maximī.the Victory and the omen they accepted, and they gave and dedicated to the goddess as her seat the Capitol, the temple of Jupiter Best and Greatest. Liv. 22.37.12In eā arce urbis Rōmānae sacrātam volentem propitiamque, firmam ac stabilem fore populō Rōmānō.Consecrated in that citadel of the city of Rome, she would be willing and propitious, firm and steadfast for the Roman people. Liv. 22.37.13Funditōrēs sagittāriīque et frūmentum trāditum cōnsulibus.The slingers and archers and the grain were handed over to the consuls. Liv. 22.37.13Quīnquerēmēs ad * nāvium classem, quae cum T. Otaciliō prōpraetōre in Siciliā erat, quīnque et vīgintī additae, permissumque est, ut, sī ē rē pūblicā cēnsēret esse, in Āfricam trāiceret.Twenty-five quinqueremes were added to the fleet of * ships which was in Sicily with Titus Otacilius the propraetor, and he was permitted to cross to Africa if he judged it to be in the interest of the state.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×11, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (173 words)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
classis, -is f.fleet
cum, prep, with abl.with
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
senātus, -ūs m.senate
intrōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead in, bring in
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
que, enclitic conj.and
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
rēx, rēgis, m.king
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
quamquam, conj.however much, although
probē (adv.)well, properly, rightly
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
admīrābilis, -ewonderful, admirable
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
bonus, -a, -umgood
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
bellum, -ī, n.war
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
abnuō, -ere, -nuīrefuse, decline, reject
opus, operis, n.work, task
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
pater, patris, m.father
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
iam, adv.now, already
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
ōmen, ōminis n.omen, sign; hīsce ōminibus: with these words of ill omen
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
victōria, -ae, f.victory
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
pondō (indecl.)by weight; (with numbers) pounds
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
advehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry to; (pass.) sail to, arrive
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
trecentī, -ae, -athree hundred
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
modius, -ī m.peck-measure, a grain measure (about 9 litres); a bushel-basket
trīticum, -ī n.wheat
hordeum, -ī n.barley
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
subvehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectumbring up (by water)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
nisi, conj.if not, unless
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
nōn, adv.not
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
levis, -elight, slight
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
sagittārius, -ī m.archer
funditor, -ōris m.slinger
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
manus, -ūs, f.hand
Maurus, -a, -umMoorish, North African
pugnāx, -ācisfond of fighting, warlike, combative; obstinate
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
missilis, -ethat can be thrown; (n. pl.) missiles
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
quoque, adv.also
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
minus, comp. adv.less
laxāmentum, -ī n.relaxation, respite, a breathing space
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
summittō (submittō), -ere, -mīsī, -missuslower, let down; send up, supply
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
vir, virī, m.man
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
tenor, -ōris m.steady course, unbroken flow, continuity; ūnō tenōre: without a break
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
mūnificē (adv.)generously, lavishly
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
perinde (adv.)in the same way, equally; haud perinde: not so much
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
aurum, -ī, n.gold
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
dīva, -ae f.goddess
dicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdedicate, devote; sē dicāre: give oneself up (to)
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
urbs, urbis, f.city
sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsecrate, dedicate
volō, velle, voluīwish
propitius, -a, -umfavourable, well-disposed
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
stabilis, -efirm, steady, lasting
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
quīnquerēmis, -is f.a quinquereme, a warship with five banks of oars
nāvis, -is, f.ship
prōpraetor, -ōris m.propraetor, ex-praetor holding command or governing a province
quīnquefive
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
sī, conj.if
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.