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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.36

Larger armies and new prodigies

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Liv. 22.36.1Exercitūs quoque multiplicātī sunt;The armies too were enlarged; Liv. 22.36.1quantae autem cōpiae peditum equitumque additae sint, adeō et numerō et genere cōpiārum variant auctōrēs, ut vix quicquam satis certum adfirmāre ausus sim.but as to how great the forces of infantry and cavalry were that were added, the authorities differ so much on both the number and the kind of troops that I would scarcely dare to state anything as quite certain. Liv. 22.36.2Decem mīlia novōrum mīlitum aliī scrīpta in supplēmentum, aliī novās quattuor legiōnēs, ut octō legiōnibus rem gererent;Some say ten thousand new soldiers were enrolled as reinforcements, others four new legions, so that they might carry on the campaign with eight legions; Liv. 22.36.3numerō quoque peditum equitumque legiōnēs auctās mīlibus peditum et centēnīs equitibus in singulās adiectīs, ut quīna mīlia peditum, trecēnī equitēs essent, sociī duplicem numerum equitum darent, peditīs aequārent, septemque et octōgintā mīlia armātōrum et ducentōs in castrīs Rōmānīs fuisse, cum pugnātum ad Cannās est, quīdam auctōrēs sunt.some authorities state that the legions were also increased in their number of infantry and cavalry, a thousand foot and a hundred horse being added to each, so that each had five thousand foot and three hundred horse, while the allies supplied double the number of cavalry and matched the infantry, and that there were eighty-seven thousand two hundred armed men in the Roman camp when the battle was fought at Cannae.

Liv. 22.36.5Illud haudquāquam discrepat, maiōre cōnātū atque impetū rem āctam quam priōribus annīs, quia spem posse vincī hostem dictātor praebuerat.On this point there is no disagreement at all, that the business was conducted with greater effort and energy than in previous years, because the dictator had offered hope that the enemy could be beaten. Liv. 22.36.6Cēterum priusquam signa ab urbe novae legiōnēs movērent, decemvirī librōs adīre atque īnspicere iussī ;But before the new legions moved their standards from the city, the decemvirs were ordered to consult and examine the books; Liv. 22.36.6propter territōs vulgō hominēs novīs prōdigiīs.because people generally had been frightened by new prodigies. Liv. 22.36.7Nam et Rōmae in Aventīnō et Arīciae nūntiātum erat sub idem tempus lapidibus plūvisse, et multō cruōre signa in Sabīnīs sūdāsse, et Caeretēs aquās fonte calidō gelidās mānāsse;For it had been reported that at about the same time it had rained stones at Rome on the Aventine and at Aricia, that statues among the Sabines had sweated much blood, and that at Caere waters had flowed cold from a hot spring; Liv. 22.36.8id quidem etiam, quod saepius acciderat magis terrēbat;this last indeed was the more frightening because it had happened rather often; Liv. 22.36.8et in viā fornicātā, quae ad Campum erat, aliquot hominēs dē caelō tāctī exanimātīque fuerant.and in the arched street which led to the Campus several men had been struck by lightning and killed.

Liv. 22.36.9Ea prōdigia ex librīs prōcūrāta.These prodigies were expiated in accordance with the books. Liv. 22.36.9Lēgātī ā Paestō paterās aureās Rōmam attulērunt.Envoys from Paestum brought golden bowls to Rome. Liv. 22.36.9Iīs sīcut Neāpolītānīs grātiae āctae, aurum nōn acceptum.They were thanked, as the Neapolitans had been, but the gold was not accepted.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (134 words)
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
quoque, adv.also
multiplicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmultiply, increase; passive: multiply, become many
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
numerus, -ī, m.number
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
variō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvary; differ, disagree
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
decem, indecl. adj.ten
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
supplēmentum, -ī n.reinforcement, fresh troops
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
octō (indecl.)eight
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
centēnī, -ae, -aa hundred each, in hundreds
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
quīnī, -ae, -afive each, five at a time
trecēnī, -ae, -athree hundred each, three hundred at a time
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
duplex, -icisdouble
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
septemseven
octōgintā (indecl.)eighty
armātus, -a, -umarmed
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
canna, -ae f.reed, cane
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
haudquāquam, adv.in no wise, not at all
discrepō, -āre, -āvī/-uīdiffer, be unlike; disagree, be at odds
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōnātus, -ūs, m.attempt, effort
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
annus, -ī, m.year
quia (conj.)because
spēs, speī, f.hope
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
urbs, urbis, f.city
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
liber, librī m.book; record
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
homō, hominis, m.man
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
nam, conj.for
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
lapis, -idis, m.stone
pluō, -ere, pluīrain; make it rain
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
sūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussweat, perspire; ooze, exude; toil
Caeres, -itisof Caere, Etruscan town; Caerite cera digni: fit for the list of disfranchised citizens
aqua, -ae, f.water
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
calidus, -a, -umwarm, hot
gelidus, -a, -umicy, ice-cold
mānō, -āre, -āvīflow, trickle; spread
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
saepe, adv.often, frequently
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
via, -ae, f.road, way
fornicātus, -a, -umarched, vaulted
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
exanimō, -animāre, -animāvī, -animātusput out of breath, fatigue, tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
prōcūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustake care of, manage
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
patera, -ae f.a shallow bowl for drinking or pouring offerings
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
sīcut (conj.)just as
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
aurum, -ī, n.gold
nōn, adv.not
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.