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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.34

Varro's campaign for the consulship

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Liv. 22.34.1Cōnsulibus prōrogātum in annum imperium.The consuls' command was extended for a year. Liv. 22.34.1Interrēgēs prōditī ā patribus C. Claudius Appī fīlius Centō, inde P. Cornēlius Asina.The interreges named by the senators were Gaius Claudius Cento, son of Appius, then Publius Cornelius Asina. Liv. 22.34.1In eius interregnō comitia habita magnō certāmine patrum ac plēbis.In his interregnum the election was held amid a great struggle between the senators and the plebs. Liv. 22.34.2C. Terentiō Varrōnī, quem suī generis hominem, plēbī īnsectātiōne prīncipum populāribusque artibus conciliātum, ab Q. Fabī opibus et dictātōriō imperiō concussō aliēnā invidiā splendentem, volgus extrahere ad cōnsulātum nītēbātur, patrēs summā ope obstābant, nē sē īnsectandō sibi aequārī adsuēscerent hominēs.Gaius Terentius Varro, a man of their own kind, who had won over the plebs by attacking the leading men and by popular arts, and who shone with glory from another's unpopularity after shaking Quintus Fabius' power and dictatorial command, the common people were striving to drag into the consulship; the senators opposed him with all their might, lest men should grow used to making themselves their equals by attacking them.

Liv. 22.34.3Q. Baebius Herennius tribūnus plēbis, cognātus C. Terentī, crīminandō nōn senātum modo sed etiam augurēs, quod dictātōrem prohibuissent comitia perficere, per invidiam eōrum favōrem candidātō suō conciliābat: ab hominibus nōbilibus per multōs annōs bellum quaerentibus Hannibalem in Ītaliam adductum;Quintus Baebius Herennius, a tribune of the plebs and a kinsman of Gaius Terentius, by accusing not only the senate but also the augurs of having prevented the dictator from completing the election, was winning favour for his candidate through the odium he stirred against them: Hannibal, he said, had been brought into Italy by men of noble birth who had been seeking war for many years; Liv. 22.34.4ab īsdem, cum dēbellārī possit, fraude bellum trahī.by these same men the war was being dragged out by deceit, when it could be brought to an end. Liv. 22.34.5Cum quattuor legiōnibus ūniversē pugnārī posse appāruisset eō, quod M. Minucius absente Fabiō prosperē pugnāsset duās legiōnēs hostī ad caedem obiectās, deinde ex ipsā caede ēreptās, ut pater patrōnusque appellārētur, quī prius vincere prohibuisset Rōmānōs quam vincī.It had become clear that the war could be fought out with four legions together, from the fact that Marcus Minucius had fought successfully in Fabius' absence; two legions had been thrown to the enemy for slaughter and then snatched from the very slaughter, so that the man was called father and patron who had prevented the Romans from conquering before he prevented them from being conquered.

Liv. 22.34.7Cōnsulēs deinde Fabiānīs artibus, cum dēbellāre possent, bellum trāxisse.Then the consuls, by Fabius' methods, had dragged out the war when they could have finished it. Liv. 22.34.7Id foedus inter omnēs nōbilīs ictum, nec fīnem ante bellī habitūrōs, quam cōnsulem vērē plēbēium, id est hominem novum, fēcissent;This was a pact struck among all the nobles, and they would not have an end of the war before they had made a truly plebeian consul, that is, a new man; Liv. 22.34.8nam plēbēiōs nōbilēs iam eīsdem initiātōs esse sacrīs et contemnere plēbem, ex quō contemnī ā patribus dēsierint, coepisse.for the plebeian nobles had now been initiated into the same rites, and had begun to despise the plebs from the moment they ceased to be despised by the patricians. Liv. 22.34.9Cui nōn appārēre id āctum et quaesītum esse, ut interregnum inīrētur, ut in patrum potestāte comitia essent?To whom was it not plain that the aim and object had been to bring about an interregnum, so that the election would be in the power of the patricians? Liv. 22.34.10Id cōnsulēs ambōs ad exercitum morandō quaesīsse;This was what both consuls had sought by lingering with the army; Liv. 22.34.10id posteā, quia invītīs iīs dictātor esset dictus comitiōrum causā, expugnātum esse, cum vitiōsus dictātor per augurēs fieret.this was what afterwards, because a dictator had been named against their will to hold the election, had been carried by force, when the dictator was made out to be flawed by the augurs.

Liv. 22.34.10Habēre igitur interregnum eōs;Well then, let them have their interregnum; Liv. 22.34.11cōnsulātum ūnum certē plēbis Rōmānae esse, populum eum līberum habitūrum ac datūrum eī, quī mātūrē vincere quam diū imperāre mālit.but one consulship at least belonged to the Roman plebs; the people would keep it free and give it to a man who preferred to win quickly rather than to command for long.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×3, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (143 words)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprolong, extend (a command, office); put off, defer
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
annus, -ī, m.year
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
interrēx, -rēgis m.interrex, a senator who held power for five days between kings
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
pater, patris, m.father
fīlius, -ī, m.son
inde (adv.)from there; then
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
interregnum, -ī n.interregnum, the interval between two reigns
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
homō, hominis, m.man
īnsectātiō, -ōnis f.a pursuit; an attack in words, railing
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
que, enclitic conj.and
ars, artis, f.art
conciliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwin over; win, obtain
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dictātōrius, -a, -umof a dictator
concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake violently; shake, weaken
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
splendeō, -ēreshine, gleam
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
īnsector, -ārī, -ātus sumpursue, chase; harass
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
cognātus, -ī m.kinsman, relative
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
nōn, adv.not
senātus, -ūs m.senate
modo, adv.only
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
augur, -uris m.augur, a priest who read the will of the gods from birds and signs
quod, conj.that, in that, because
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
favor, -ōris m.goodwill, support, applause
candidātus, -ī m.candidate for office
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
bellum, -ī, n.war
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dēbellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight to the finish; subdue completely
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
cum, prep, with abl.with
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
ūniversē (adv.)generally; all together, in a body
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
absēns, -entisabsent, away
prosperē (adv.)successfully, favourably
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
deinde, adv.then, next
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
prius, adv.before, first
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
Fabiānus, -a, -umof Fabius, under Fabius' command
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
omnis, -eall, every
īcō, -ere, īcī, ictusstrike, hit; foedus īcere: make a treaty
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
vērē (adv.)truly, really
plēbēius, -a, -umof the common people, plebeian; common, vulgar
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nam, conj.for
iam, adv.now, already
initiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinitiate (into rites); consecrate
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situsstop, cease (+ inf.)
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
quia (conj.)because
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
vitiōsus, -a, -umfaulty, defective, corrupt; vicious
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
igitur, conj.therefore
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
populus, -ī m.people, nation
līber, lībera, līberumfree
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.