LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 22 › Ab Urbe Condita 22.33

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.33

Spies, embassies and an election crisis

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 22.33.1Per eōsdem diēs speculātor Carthāginiēnsis, quī per biennium fefellerat, Rōmae dēprēnsus praecīsīsque manibus dīmissus, et servī quīnque et vīgintī in crucem āctī, quod in campō Mārtiō coniūrāssent;During the same days a Carthaginian spy, who had escaped detection for two years, was caught at Rome and sent away with his hands cut off, and twenty-five slaves were crucified because they had conspired in the Campus Martius; Liv. 22.33.2indicī data lībertās et aeris gravis vīgintī mīlia.the informer was given his freedom and twenty thousand asses of heavy bronze. Liv. 22.33.2Lēgātī et ad Philippum Macedonum rēgem missī ad dēposcendum Dēmētrium Pharium, quī bellō victus ad eum fūgisset, et aliī in Ligurēs ad expostulandum, quod Poenum opibus auxiliīsque suīs iūvissent, simul ad vīsendum ex propinquō, quae in Boīs atque Īnsubribus gererentur.Envoys were also sent to Philip, king of the Macedonians, to demand the surrender of Demetrius of Pharos, who, beaten in war, had fled to him, and others to the Ligurians to protest that they had aided the Carthaginian with their resources and auxiliaries, and at the same time to observe from close at hand what was being done among the Boii and the Insubres.

Liv. 22.33.5Ad Pinnem quoque rēgem in Illyriōs lēgātī missī ad stīpendium, cuius diēs exierat, poscendum aut, sī diem prōferrī vellet, ad obsidēs accipiendōs.Envoys were also sent to King Pinnes in Illyria to demand the tribute whose day of payment had passed, or, if he wished the day to be put off, to receive hostages. Liv. 22.33.6Adeō, etsī bellum ingēns in cervīcibus erat, nūllīus usquam terrārum reī cūra Rōmānōs, nē longinquae quidem, effugiēbat.So true was it that, although a huge war was on their necks, no concern anywhere on earth, not even a distant one, escaped the Romans. Liv. 22.33.7In religiōnem etiam vēnit, aedem Concordiae, quam per sēditiōnem mīlitārem bienniō ante L. Mānlius praetor in Galliā vōvisset, locātam ad id tempus nōn esse.It also became a matter of religious scruple that the temple of Concord, which the praetor Lucius Manlius had vowed in Gaul during a mutiny of the soldiers two years before, had not been contracted for up to that time. Liv. 22.33.8Itaque duumvirī ad eam rem creātī ā M. Aemiliō praetōre urbānō C. Pūpius et K. Quīnctius Flāminīnus aedem in arce faciendam locāvērunt.Accordingly Gaius Pupius and Kaeso Quinctius Flamininus, appointed as a board of two for the purpose by Marcus Aemilius, the urban praetor, let the contract for building the temple on the citadel.

Liv. 22.33.9Ab eōdem praetōre ex senātūs cōnsultō litterae ad cōnsulēs missae, ut, sī iīs vidērētur, alter eōrum ad cōnsulēs creandōs Rōmam venīret;By the same praetor, in accordance with a decree of the senate, a letter was sent to the consuls, asking that, if they thought fit, one of them should come to Rome to hold the election of consuls; Liv. 22.33.9sē in eam diem, quam iussissent, comitia ēdictūrum.he would proclaim the election for whatever day they ordered. Liv. 22.33.10Ad haec ā cōnsulibus rescrīptum sine dētrīmentō reī pūblicae abscēdī nōn posse ab hoste;To this the consuls wrote back that they could not withdraw from the enemy without harm to the state; Liv. 22.33.10itaque per interrēgem comitia habenda esse potius, quam cōnsul alter ā bellō āvocārētur.and that the election should therefore be held by an interrex rather than one consul be called away from the war. Liv. 22.33.11Patribus rēctius vīsum est dictātōrem ā cōnsule dīcī comitiōrum habendōrum causā.The senators thought it more proper that a dictator should be named by a consul for the purpose of holding the election.

Liv. 22.33.11Dictus L. Veturius Philō M. Pompōnium Mathōnem magistrum equitum dīxit.Lucius Veturius Philo was named, and he named Marcus Pomponius Matho master of the horse. Liv. 22.33.12Iīs vitiō creātīs iussīsque diē quartō decimō sē magistrātū abdicāre, rēs ad interregnum rediit.Since they had been appointed with a flaw in the auspices and were ordered on the fourteenth day to resign their office, the matter reverted to an interregnum.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×9, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (135 words)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
speculātor, -ōris m.spy, scout
Carthāginiēnsis, -eCarthaginian
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
biennium, -ī n.period of two years
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
praecīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut off
que, enclitic conj.and
manus, -ūs, f.hand
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
quīnquefive
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
crux, crucis f.cross (a wooden frame for execution)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
quod, conj.that, in that, because
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
coniūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumswear together, conspire
index, -icis m. and f.informer; sign, indication
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
rēx, rēgis, m.king
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
dēposcō, -ere, -poposcīdemand, call for
Pharius, -a, -umof Pharos (Hvar), an island off Illyria
bellum, -ī, n.war
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
expostulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdemand urgently; complain, remonstrate
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
quoque, adv.also
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
sī, conj.if
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
volō, velle, voluīwish
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
etsī, conj.even if, although
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
usquam (adv.)anywhere
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
longinquus, -a, -umdistant, remote
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
aedēs, -is f.temple (sg.); house (pl.)
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
voveō, -ēre, vōvī, vōtusvow, promise
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
nōn, adv.not
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
duumvir, -ī m.one of a board of two men; duumvirī perduelliōnis: the two judges for treason
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rescrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumwrite again; transfer, enrol (in another unit)
sine, prep. with abl.without
dētrīmentum, -ī n.loss, harm
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
abscēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo away, withdraw
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
interrēx, -rēgis m.interrex, a senator who held power for five days between kings
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
āvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall away, divert
pater, patris, m.father
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
quartus, -a, -umfourth
decimus, -a, -umtenth
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
abdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenounce; sē abdicāre (+ abl.): resign (an office)
interregnum, -ī n.interregnum, the interval between two reigns
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.