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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.31

Servilius raids Africa; Fabius' title

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Liv. 22.31.1Dum haec geruntur in Ītaliā, Cn. Servīlius Geminus cōnsul cum classe centum vīgintī nāvium circumvectus Sardiniae et Corsicae ōram et obsidibus utrimque acceptīs in Āfricam trānsmīsit et, priusquam in continentem ēscēnsiōnēs faceret, Menige īnsulā vāstātā et ab incolentibus Cercīnam, nē et ipsōrum ūrerētur dīriperēturque ager, decem talentīs argentī acceptīs ad lītora Āfricae accessit cōpiāsque exposuit.While these things are being done in Italy, the consul Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, with a fleet of a hundred and twenty ships, sailed round the coast of Sardinia and Corsica and, having received hostages from both, crossed to Africa; and before making landings on the mainland he ravaged the island of Menix and accepted ten talents of silver from the inhabitants of Cercina, so that their land too should not be burnt and plundered; then he approached the shores of Africa and put his forces ashore. Liv. 22.31.3Inde ad populandum agrum ductī mīlitēs nāvālēsque sociī iūxtā effūsī, ac sī in īnsulīs cultōrum egentibus praedārentur.From there the soldiers and naval allies were led off to plunder the countryside, scattering just as if they were plundering islands short of inhabitants.

Liv. 22.31.4Itaque in īnsidiās temerē inlātī cum ā frequentibus pālantēs, ab locōrum gnārīs ignārī circumvenīrentur, cum multā caede ac foedā fugā retrō ad nāvēs conpulsī sunt.So, rushing rashly into an ambush, since, straggling, they were surrounded by men in close order and, ignorant of the ground, by men who knew it, they were driven back to the ships with great slaughter and shameful flight. Liv. 22.31.5Ad mīlle hominum cum Ti. Semprōniō Blaesō quaestōre āmissum.About a thousand men were lost, together with Tiberius Sempronius Blaesus, the quaestor. Liv. 22.31.5Classis ab lītoribus hostium plēnīs trepide solūta in Siciliam cursum tenuit, trāditaque Lilybaeī T. Otaciliō praetōrī, ut ab lēgātō eius P. Cinciō Rōmam redūcerētur.The fleet, setting sail in alarm from the shores crowded with enemies, held its course for Sicily, and was handed over at Lilybaeum to Titus Otacilius the praetor, to be taken back to Rome by his legate Publius Cincius. Liv. 22.31.7Ipse per Siciliam pedibus profectus fretō in Ītaliam trāiēcit, litterīs Q. Fabiī accītus et ipse et collēga eius M. Atīlius, ut exercitūs ab sē exāctō iam prope sēmēstrī imperiō acciperent.The consul himself, setting out on foot through Sicily, crossed the strait into Italy, summoned by a letter from Quintus Fabius, both he and his colleague Marcus Atilius, to take over the armies from him, since his six-month command had now almost run out.

Liv. 22.31.8Omnium prope annālēs Fabium dictātōrem adversus Hannibalem rem gessisse trādunt;Almost all the annals record that Fabius conducted the campaign against Hannibal as dictator; Liv. 22.31.8Coelius etiam eum prīmum ā populō creātum dictātōrem scrībit.Coelius even writes that he was the first dictator to be elected by the people. Liv. 22.31.9Sed et Coelium et cēterōs fugit ūnī cōnsulī Cn. Servīliō, quī tum procul in Galliā prōvinciā aberat, iūs fuisse dīcendī dictātōris;But both Coelius and the others overlook the fact that the right of naming a dictator belonged to the consul Gnaeus Servilius alone, who was then far away in his province of Gaul; Liv. 22.31.10quam moram quia expectāre territa tertiā iam clāde cīvitās nōn poterat, eō dēcursum esse, ut ā populō creārētur, quī prō dictātōre esset;and that, because the state, terrified by what was now a third disaster, could not wait for that delay, recourse was had to having the people elect a man to act in place of a dictator; Liv. 22.31.11rēs inde gestās glōriamque īnsignem ducis et augentis titulum imāginis posterōs, ut, quī prō dictātōre creātuserat, fuisse dictātor crēderētur, facile obtinuisse.and that the deeds then done and the commander's outstanding glory, and his descendants enlarging the inscription on his portrait mask, easily brought it about that the man elected to act as dictator was believed to have been dictator.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×4, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (146 words)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
cum, prep, with abl.with
classis, -is f.fleet
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
nāvis, -is, f.ship
circumvehor, -vehī, -vectus sumride around
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
continēns, -entis, f.'mainland, continent
ēscēnsiō, -ōnis f.landing from ships, raid from the sea
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
īnsula, -ae, f.island
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
incolō, -colere, -coluīinhabit
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ūstusburn
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
que, enclitic conj.and
ager, agri, m.field, land
decem, indecl. adj.ten
talentum, -ī n.talent, a large Greek weight and sum of money
argentum, -ī, n.silver
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
inde (adv.)from there; then
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sī, conj.if
cultor, -ōris m.worshipper; tiller, cultivator
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
praedor, -ārī, -ātusplunder
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
temerē, adv.rashly
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
gnārus, -a, -umknowing, acquainted with, expert (in)
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
fuga, -ae, f.flight
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive together, drive
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
homō, hominis, m.man
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
plēnus, -a, -umfull
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
Cincius, -ī m.Cincius; L. Cincius Alimentus, Roman historian captured by Hannibal
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
pēs, pedis, m.foot
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
fretum, -ī, n.strait
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
acciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussummon, send for
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
iam, adv.now, already
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
sēmēstris, -esix months old; lasting six months
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
omnis, -eall, every
annālēs, -ium m. pl.annals, a year-by-year record; chronicle
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
populus, -ī m.people, nation
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
sed, conj.but
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tum, adv.then, at that time
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
mora, -ae, f.delay
quia (conj.)because
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
tertius, -a, -umthird
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
dēcursus, -ūs m.a running down, a charge downhill
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
glōria, -ae, f.glory
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
titulus, -ī m.notice, inscription, label
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
posterī, -ōrum m. pl.descendants, posterity
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
facile, adv.easily
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.