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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.25

Metilius attacks the dictator

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Liv. 22.25.1Dē hīs rēbus persaepe et in senātū et in contiōne āctum est.These matters were discussed very often both in the senate and in the assembly. Liv. 22.25.2Cum laetā cīvitāte dictātor ūnus nihil nec fāmae nec litterīs crēderet et, ut vēra omnia essent, secunda sē magis quam adversa timēre dīceret, tum M. Metilius tribūnus plēbis id enim vērō ferendum esse negat: nōn praesentem sōlum dictātōrem obstitisse reī bene gerendae, sed absentem etiam gestae obstāre ac sēdulō tempus terere, quō diūtius in magistrātū sit sōlusque et Rōmae et in exercitū imperium habeat.While the city rejoiced, the dictator alone put no faith in either rumour or letter, and said that even if everything were true he feared success more than failure; then Marcus Metilius, tribune of the plebs, declared that this was really not to be borne: the dictator had not only stood in the way of success when he was present, but even when absent was obstructing success already won, and was deliberately wasting time, so that he might stay longer in office and hold sole command both at Rome and in the army. Liv. 22.25.5Quippe cōnsulum alterum in aciē cecidisse, alterum speciē classis Pūnicae persequendae procul ab Ītaliā ablēgātum;For one of the consuls had fallen in battle, and the other had been sent away far from Italy on the pretext of pursuing the Punic fleet; Liv. 22.25.6duōs praetōrēs Siciliā atque Sardiniā occupātōs, quārum neutra hōc tempore praetōre egeat;two praetors were occupied with Sicily and Sardinia, neither of which needed a praetor at this time; Liv. 22.25.6M. Minucium magistrum equitum, nē hostem vidēret, nē quid reī bellicae gereret, prope in custōdiā habitum.Marcus Minucius, the master of the horse, had been kept almost under guard, so that he might not see the enemy or carry out any act of war.

Liv. 22.25.7Itaque herculē nōn Samnium modo, quō iam tamquam trāns Hibērum agrō Poenīs concessum sit, sed Campānum Calēnumque et Falernum agrum pervastātōs esse, sedente Casilīnī dictātōre et legiōnibus populī Rōmānī agrum suum tūtante.And so, by Hercules, not only Samnium, which had already been yielded to the Carthaginians as if it were land beyond the Ebro, but the Campanian, Calenian and Falernian districts had been laid waste, while the dictator sat at Casilinum and protected his own estate with the legions of the Roman people. Liv. 22.25.8Exercitum cupientem pugnāre et magistrum equitum clausōs prope intrā vallum retentōs, tamquam hostibus captīvīs arma adēmpta.The army, eager to fight, and the master of the horse had been held back, almost shut up inside the rampart, their arms taken from them as if they were captured enemies. Liv. 22.25.9Tandem, ut abscesserit inde dictātor, ut obsidiōne līberātōs, extrā vallum ēgressōs fūdisse ac fugāsse hostīs.At last, as soon as the dictator had gone away from there, they had gone out beyond the rampart like men freed from a siege, and routed and put the enemy to flight.

Liv. 22.25.10Quās ob rēs, sī antīquus animus plēbeī Rōmānae esset, audāciter sē lātūrum fuisse dē abrogandō Q. Fabī imperiō;For these reasons, if the Roman plebs had its ancient spirit, he would boldly have brought a bill to abrogate the command of Quintus Fabius; Liv. 22.25.10nunc modicam rogātiōnem prōmulgātūrum dē aequandō magistrī equitum et dictātōris iūre.as it was, he would put forward a moderate bill to make equal the authority of the master of the horse and of the dictator. Liv. 22.25.11Nec tamen nē ita quidem prius mittendum ad exercitum Q. Fabium, quam cōnsulem in locum C. Flāminī suffēcisset.Yet not even so should Quintus Fabius be sent to the army before he had appointed a consul in place of Gaius Flaminius. Liv. 22.25.12Dictātor contiōnibus sē abstinuit in āctiōne minimē populāris.The dictator kept away from the assemblies, being anything but popular as a speaker. Liv. 22.25.12Nē in senātū quidem satis aequīs auribus audiēbātur, cum hostem verbīs extolleret biennīque clādēs per temeritātem atque īnscītiam ducum acceptās referret et magistrō equitum, quod contrā dictum suum pugnāsset, ratiōnem dīceret reddendam esse.Even in the senate he was heard with ears none too friendly, when he extolled the enemy in his speeches, and recounted the disasters of two years suffered through the rashness and ignorance of the commanders, and said that the master of the horse must be called to account for having fought against his orders.

Liv. 22.25.14Sī penes sē summa imperiī cōnsiliīque sit, prope diem effectūrum, ut sciant hominēs bonō imperātōre haud magnī fortūnam mōmentī esse, mentem ratiōnemque dominārī, et in tempore et sine ignōminiā servāsse exercitum quam multa mīlia hostium occīdisse maiōrem glōriam esse.If the supreme power of command and counsel were in his hands, he would very soon bring it about that men knew that with a good commander fortune was of little weight, that mind and reason ruled, and that to have saved an army in good time and without disgrace was greater glory than to have killed many thousands of the enemy. Liv. 22.25.16Huius generis ōrātiōnibus frūstrā habitīs et cōnsule creātō M. Atīliō Rēgulō, nē praesēns dē iūre imperiī dīmicāret, prīdiē quam rogātiōnis ferendae diēs adesset, nocte ad exercitum abiit.Having made speeches of this kind in vain, and having appointed Marcus Atilius Regulus consul, in order not to contend in person about the authority of his command, he left for the army by night, on the day before the day for voting on the bill arrived. Liv. 22.25.17Lūce ortā cum .When day dawned and Liv. 22.25.17Plēbis concilium esset, magis tacita invidia dictātōris favorque magistrī equitum animōs versābat, quam satis audēbant hominēs ad suādendum quod vulgō placēbat prōdīre, et favōre superante auctōritās tamen rogātiōnī dēerat.the council of the plebs was in session, silent resentment against the dictator and goodwill towards the master of the horse stirred their minds more than men had the courage to come forward and urge what pleased the crowd, and though favour prevailed, the bill still lacked weighty support.

Liv. 22.25.18Ūnus inventus est suāsor lēgis C. Terentius Varrō, quī priōre annō praetor fuerat, locō nōn humilī sōlum sed etiam sordidō ortus.One man was found to speak for the law, Gaius Terentius Varro, who had been praetor the year before, a man sprung from a background not just humble but even mean. Liv. 22.25.19Patrem lanium fuisse : ferunt, ipsum īnstitōrem mercis, fīliōque hōc ipsō in servīlia eius artis ministeria ūsum.His father, they say, was a butcher who hawked his own wares, and used this very son in the servile tasks of that trade.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×9, purpose clauses ×3, indirect statement ×7, ablative absolute ×6

Latin vocabulary for this passage (229 words)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
persaepe (adv.)very often
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
omnis, -eall, every
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
tum, adv.then, at that time
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
enim, conj.for
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
nōn, adv.not
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
bene, adv.well; successfully
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
sed, conj.but
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sēdulō (adv.)busily, diligently
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
sōlus, -a, -umalone
que, enclitic conj.and
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
classis, -is f.fleet
Pūnicus, -a, -umPunic, Carthaginian; bella Pūnica: the wars with Carthage
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ablēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, get out of the way
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
bellicus, -a, -umof war, military
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
custōdia, -ae f.guard, protection
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
modo, adv.only
iam, adv.now, already
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
ager, agri, m.field, land
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
Campānus, -a, -umCampanian, of Campania (or Capua)
Calēnus, -a, -umof Cales, a town of Campania
Falernus, -a, -umFalernian; ager Falernus: the Falernian district of northern Campania
pervastō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste completely, ravage
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
intrā, prep. with acc.within
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
abscēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo away, withdraw
inde (adv.)from there; then
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
sī, conj.if
antīquus, -a, -umancient
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
audācter (adv.; comp. audācius)boldly
abrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrepeal; take away (a command) from (dat.)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
nunc, adv.now
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
rogātiō, -ōnis f.proposed law, bill (put to the people)
prōmulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspublish, propose (a law)
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
prius, adv.before, first
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
auris, -is, f.ear
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
verbum, -ī, n.word
extollō, -erelift up, raise; praise, exalt
biennium, -ī n.period of two years
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
īnscītia, -ae f.ignorance, inexperience
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
quod, conj.that, in that, because
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
homō, hominis, m.man
bonus, -a, -umgood
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
dominor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe master, rule
sine, prep. with abl.without
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
glōria, -ae, f.glory
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
frūstrā, adv.in vain
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
prīdiē (adv.)the day before
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
nox, noctis, f.night
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
lūx, lūcis, f.light
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
favor, -ōris m.goodwill, support, applause
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditumgo forward, come out
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
suāsor, -ōris m.adviser, one who urges; proposer of a law
lēx, lēgis f.law
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
annus, -ī, m.year
humilis, -elow; humble, poor
sordidus, -a, -umdirty; mean, base, of low status
pater, patris, m.father
lanius, -ī m.butcher
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
īnstitor, -ōris m.pedlar, shop assistant, salesman
merx, mercis f.goods, wares, merchandise
fīlius, -ī, m.son
servīlis, -eof slaves (servīlis tumultus: slave revolt)
ars, artis, f.art
ministerium, -ī n.service, office, duty
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.