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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.24

Minucius' success near Gereonium

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Liv. 22.24.1Rōmānus tunc exercitus in agrō Lārīnātī erat.The Roman army was then in the territory of Larinum. Liv. 22.24.1Praeerat Minucius magister equitum profectō, sīcut ante dictum est, ad urbem dictātōre.Minucius, the master of the horse, was in command, the dictator having set out, as was said before, for the city. Liv. 22.24.2Cēterum castra, quae in monte altō ac tūtō locō posita fuerant, iam in plānum dēferuntur, agitābanturque prō ingeniō ducis cōnsilia calidiōra, ut impetus aut in frūmentātōrēs pālātōs aut in castra relicta cum levī praesidiō fieret.But the camp, which had been placed on a high mountain in a safe position, is now brought down onto the plain, and hotter plans, in keeping with the commander's temper, were being discussed, for an attack either on the scattered foragers or on the camp left with a light garrison. Liv. 22.24.3Nec Hannibalem fefellit cum duce mūtātam esse bellī ratiōnem et ferōcius quam cōnsultius rem hostēs gestūrōs.Nor did it escape Hannibal that the conduct of the war had changed with the commander and that the enemy would act more boldly than wisely. Liv. 22.24.4Ipse autem, quod minimē quis crēderet, cum hostis propius esset, tertiam partem mīlitum frūmentātum duābus in castrīs retentīs dīmīsit, Dein castra ipsa propius hostem mōvit duo ferme ā Gereoniō mīlia in tumulum hostī cōnspectum, ut intentum sē scīret esse ad frūmentātōrēs, sī qua vīs fieret, tūtandōs.He himself, however, though one would hardly believe it, with the enemy nearer, sent a third of his soldiers off to forage, keeping two thirds in camp; then he moved the camp itself nearer the enemy, about two miles from Gereonium, onto a hillock in the enemy's view, so that they might know he was ready to protect the foragers if any attack were made.

Liv. 22.24.6Propior inde eī atque ipsīs imminēns Rōmānōrum castrīs tumulus appāruit;From there a hill came into view nearer to him and overlooking the Roman camp itself; Liv. 22.24.6ad quem capiendum sī lūce palam īrētur, quia haud dubiē hostis breviōre viā praeventūrus erat, nocte clam missī Numidae cēpērunt.since, if they went to seize it openly by daylight, the enemy would undoubtedly forestall them by a shorter route, Numidians were sent secretly by night and seized it. Liv. 22.24.7Quōs tenentīs locum contemptā paucitāte Rōmānī posterō diē cum dēiēcissent, ipsī eō trānsferunt castra.When the Romans, despising their small numbers, had dislodged them from the position the next day, they themselves move their camp there. Liv. 22.24.8Tum utique exiguum spatiī vallum ā vallō aberat, et id ipsum tōtum prope complēverat Rōmāna aciēs.Then indeed only a small space separated rampart from rampart, and that very space the Roman line had almost entirely filled. Liv. 22.24.8Simul et per āversa castra equitātus cum levī armātūrā ēmissus in frūmentātōrēs lātē caedem fugamque hostium pālātōrum fēcit.At the same time the cavalry with the light-armed troops, sent out through the rear of the camp against the foragers, caused slaughter and flight far and wide among the scattered enemy.

Liv. 22.24.9Nec aciē certāre Hannibal ausus, quia tantā paucitāte vix castra, sī oppugnārentur, tūtārī poterat.Nor did Hannibal dare to fight a pitched battle, because with so few men he could scarcely protect his camp if it were attacked. Liv. 22.24.9Iamque artibus Fabiī , sedendō et cūnctandō, bellum gerēbat recēperatque suōs in priōra castra, quae prō Gereonī moenibus erant.And now he was waging war by the arts of Fabius, by sitting still and delaying, and had withdrawn his men to his former camp, which was before the walls of Gereonium. Liv. 22.24.10Iūstā quoque aciē et collātīs signīs dīmicātum quīdam auctōrēs sunt: prīmō concursū Poenum ūsque ad castra fūsum, inde ēruptiōne factā repente versum terrōrem in Rōmānōs, Numerī Decimī Samnītis deinde interventū proelium restitūtum.Some authorities state that there was also a fight in regular line with standards joined: at the first clash the Carthaginian was routed right up to his camp, then a sortie was made and panic suddenly turned upon the Romans, and the battle was then restored by the arrival of Numerius Decimius the Samnite.

Liv. 22.24.12Hunc, prīncipem genere ac dīvitiīs nōn Boviānī modo, unde erat, sed tōtō Samniō, iussū dictātōris octō mīlia peditum et equitēs quīngentōs dūcentem in castra, ab tergō cum appāruisset Hannibalī, speciem partī utrīque praebuisse novī praesidiī cum Q. Fabiō ab Rōmā venientis.This man, foremost in birth and wealth not only at Bovianum, where he came from, but in all Samnium, was leading eight thousand infantry and five hundred cavalry to the camp by order of the dictator, and when he appeared at Hannibal's rear he gave both sides the impression of a fresh force coming from Rome with Quintus Fabius. Liv. 22.24.13Hannibalem īnsidiārum quoque aliquid timentem recēpisse suōs, Rōmānum īnsecūtum adiuvante Samnīte duo castella eō diē expugnāsse.Hannibal, fearing some ambush as well, withdrew his men, and the Roman, following up with the help of the Samnite, stormed two forts that day. Liv. 22.24.14Sex mīlia hostium caesa, quīnque admodum Rōmānōrum;Six thousand of the enemy were slain, and fully five thousand of the Romans; Liv. 22.24.14tamen in tam parī prope clāde vānam fāmam ēgregiae victōriae cum vāniōribus litterīs magistrī equitum Rōmam perlātam.yet, though the losses were so nearly equal, an empty report of a splendid victory was carried to Rome, together with an even emptier letter from the master of the horse.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (203 words)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
Lārīnās, -ātisof Larinum, a town of the Frentani
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
sīcut (conj.)just as
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
urbs, urbis, f.city
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
mōns, montis, m.mountain
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
iam, adv.now, already
plānus, -a, -umflat, level
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
que, enclitic conj.and
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
calidus, -a, -umwarm, hot
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
frūmentātor, -ōris m.forager, one who gathers corn
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
cum, prep, with abl.with
levis, -elight, slight
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
bellum, -ī, n.war
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ferōciter (adv.)fiercely, defiantly
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cōnsultē (adv.)deliberately, with forethought
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
propius (comp. adv. and prep. + acc.)nearer, closer (to)
tertius, -a, -umthird
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
frūmentor, -ārī, -ātusfetch grain, forage
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
deinde, adv.then, next
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
sī, conj.if
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
inde (adv.)from there; then
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
lūx, lūcis, f.light
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
quia (conj.)because
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubiē (adv.)doubtfully; haud dubiē: without doubt
brevis, -eshort
via, -ae, f.road, way
praeveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome before, arrive first, get ahead of
nox, noctis, f.night
clam (adv.)secretly
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
paucitās, -ātis f.small number, scarcity
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
tum, adv.then, at that time
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
exiguus, -a, -umsmall, scanty, short
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
armātūra, -ae f.armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops)
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
lātēwidely
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
fuga, -ae, f.flight
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ars, artis, f.art
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
iūstus, -a, -umjust
quoque, adv.also
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
ēruptiō, -ōnis f.sally, sortie
repente (adv.)suddenly
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
interventus, -ūs m.coming on, intervention
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
dīvitiae, -ārum f. pl.riches, wealth
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
unde, adv.whence
sed, conj.but
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
octō (indecl.)eight
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
tergum, -ī, n.back
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
sex (indecl.)six
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
quīnquefive
admodum (adv.)very, quite
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
tam, adv.so
pār, parisequal
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
victōria, -ae, f.victory
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.