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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.20

Roman raids along the Spanish coast

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Liv. 22.20.1Rōmānī, quamquam terra hostium erat armātamque aciem tōtō praetentam lītore cernēbant, haud cūnctanter īnsecūtī trepidam hostium classem nāvīs omnīs, quae nōn aut perfrēgerant prōrās lītorī inlīsās aut carīnās fīxerant vadīs, religātās puppibus in altum extrāxēre, ad quīnque et vīgintī nāvēs ē quadrāgintā cēpēre.The Romans, although the land was the enemy's and they saw an armed line stretched out along the whole shore, pursued the panic-stricken enemy fleet without hesitation, and all the ships that had not either shattered their prows by running against the shore or stuck their keels fast in the shallows they tied by the sterns and towed out to sea; they took some twenty-five ships out of forty. Liv. 22.20.3Neque id pulcherrimum eius victōriae fuit, sed quod ūnā levī pugnā tōtō eius ōrae marī potītī erant.Nor was this the finest part of that victory, but rather that by one light engagement they had become masters of the whole sea along that coast. Liv. 22.20.4Itaque ad Onūsam classe prōvectī;So they sailed on with the fleet to Onusa; Liv. 22.20.4ēscēnsiō ab nāvibus in terram facta.a landing was made from the ships.

Liv. 22.20.4Cum urbem vī cēpissent captamque dīripuissent, Carthāginem inde petunt, atque omnem agrum circā dēpopulātī postrēmō tēcta quoque iniūncta mūrō portīsque incendērunt.When they had taken the city by storm and plundered it once taken, they make from there for Carthage, and having laid waste all the country round, they finally set fire also to the buildings adjoining the wall and gates. Liv. 22.20.6Inde iam praedā gravis ad Longunticam pervēnit classis, ubi vīs magna spartī erat ad rem nauticam congesta ab Hasdrubale.From there the fleet, now heavy with booty, came to Longuntica, where a great quantity of esparto had been collected by Hasdrubal for naval use. Liv. 22.20.6Quod satis in ūsum fuit sublātō cēterum omne incēnsum est.Taking as much as was enough for their needs, they burned all the rest. Liv. 22.20.7Nec continentis modo praelēcta est ōra, sed in Ebusum īnsulam trānsmissum.Nor did they sail only along the coast of the mainland, but they crossed over to the island of Ebusus. Liv. 22.20.7Ibi urbe, quae caput īnsulae est, bīduum nēquīquam summō labōre oppugnātā ubi in spem inrītam frūstrā terī tempus animadversum est, ad populātiōnem agrī versī dīreptīs aliquot incēnsīsque vīcīs maiōre quam ex continentī praedā partā cum in nāvēs sē recēpissent, ex Baliāribus īnsulīs lēgātī pācem petentēs ad Scīpiōnem vēnērunt.There, after the city that is the capital of the island had been attacked for two days in vain with the utmost effort, when they saw that time was being wasted fruitlessly on a vain hope, they turned to ravaging the land, and when, having plundered and burned a number of villages and won greater booty than from the mainland, they had returned to their ships, envoys came to Scipio from the Balearic Islands seeking peace.

Liv. 22.20.10Inde flexa retrō classis reditumque in citeriōra prōvinciae, quō omnium populōrum, quī cis Hibērum incolunt, multōrum et ultimae Hispāniae lēgātī concurrērunt.From there the fleet turned back and they returned to the nearer parts of the province, where envoys of all the peoples who live this side of the Ebro, and of many from farthest Spain, came flocking. Liv. 22.20.11Sed quī vērē diciōnis imperiīque Rōmānī factī sint obsidibus datīs populī, amplius fuēre centum vīgintī.But the peoples who truly became subject to Roman rule and authority by giving hostages numbered more than a hundred and twenty. Liv. 22.20.12Igitur terrestribus quoque cōpiīs satis fīdēns Rōmānus ūsque ad saltum Castulōnēnsem est prōgressus.So, confident enough in his land forces as well, the Roman advanced as far as the pass of Castulo. Liv. 22.20.12Hasdrubal in Lūsītāniam ac propius Oceanum concessit.Hasdrubal withdrew into Lusitania and nearer the Ocean.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (147 words)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quamquam, conj.however much, although
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
que, enclitic conj.and
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
praetendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentushold out in front; put forward, make a pretext of
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
cūnctanter (adv.)hesitantly, slowly
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
classis, -is f.fleet
nāvis, -is, f.ship
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
perfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctumbreak through
prōra, -ae, f.prow, bow
inlīdō, -ere, -līsī, -līsusdash (against)
carīna, -ae f.keel; hull
fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxusfix, fasten, plant firmly
vadum, -ī n.ford, shallow place
religō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustie back, bind up
puppis, -is f.stern of a ship
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
altum, -ī n.the deep, the open sea; a height
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
quīnquefive
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
victōria, -ae, f.victory
sed, conj.but
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
levis, -elight, slight
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
mare, maris, n.sea
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
ēscēnsiō, -ōnis f.landing from ships, raid from the sea
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
urbs, urbis, f.city
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
inde (adv.)from there; then
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ager, agri, m.field, land
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
dēpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, ravage
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
quoque, adv.also
iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to; impose, inflict
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
iam, adv.now, already
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
spartum, -ī n.esparto grass, used for ropes
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nauticus, -a, -umnaval, nautical
congerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestusheap up, bring together
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
continēns, -entis, f.'mainland, continent
modo, adv.only
praelegō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctussail along, coast past
īnsula, -ae, f.island
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
ibi, adv.in that place, there
caput, capitis, n.head
bīduum, -ī n.two days
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
spēs, speī, f.hope
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
frūstrā, adv.in vain
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
vīcus, -ī, m.village
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
Baliāris, -eBalearic
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
pāx, pācis f.peace
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
reditus, -ūs, m.return
citerior, -ius, adj.on this side, hither
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
populus, -ī m.people, nation
cis (prep. + acc.)on this side of
incolō, -colere, -coluīinhabit
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
vērē (adv.)truly, really
diciō, -ōnis f.power, rule, control
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
amplius (adv.)more, further
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
igitur, conj.therefore
terrestris, -eof the land, on land
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
fīdō, -ere, fīsus sumtrust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.); fīdēns, confident, bold
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
Castulōnēnsis, -eof Castulo (a town in southern Spain); saltus Castulōnēnsis: the Castulo pass
prōgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo forward, advance
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.