LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 22 › Ab Urbe Condita 22.18

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.18

Fabius is recalled to Rome

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 22.18.1Hunc tumultum sēnsit Fabius;Fabius was aware of this commotion; Liv. 22.18.1cēterum et īnsidiās esse ratus et ab nocturnō utique abhorrēns certāmine suōs mūnīmentīs tenuit.but thinking it was an ambush, and in any case shrinking from a battle by night, he kept his men within the fortifications. Liv. 22.18.2Lūce prīmā sub iugō montis proelium fuit, quō interclūsam ab suīs levem armātūram facile — etenim numerō aliquantum praestābant — Rōmānī superāssent, nisi Hispānōrum cohors ad id ipsum remissa ab Hannibale supervēnisset.At first light there was a battle under the ridge of the mountain, in which the Romans would easily have overcome the light troops cut off from their comrades (for they were considerably superior in numbers), had not a cohort of Spaniards, sent back by Hannibal for that very purpose, come up. Liv. 22.18.2Ea adsuētior montibus et ad concursandum inter saxa rūpēsque aptior ac levior cum vēlōcitāte corporum tum armōrum habitū campestrem hostem gravem armīs statāriumque pugnae genere facile ēlūsit.This cohort, more used to mountains and better suited to running about among rocks and crags, and nimbler both through the speed of their bodies and the style of their arms, easily baffled an enemy used to the plains, heavy with arms and fighting in a stationary manner.

Liv. 22.18.4Ita haudquāquam parī certāmine dīgressī, Hispānī ferē omnēs incolumēs, Rōmānī aliquot suīs āmissīs in castra contendērunt.So, parting from a contest far from equal, they hurried back to camp, the Spaniards almost all unharmed, the Romans having lost a number of their men. Liv. 22.18.5Fabius quoque mōvit castra trānsgressusque saltum super Allīfās locō altō ac mūnītō cōnsēdit.Fabius too moved camp and, crossing the pass, settled above Allifae on high, fortified ground. Liv. 22.18.6Tum per Samnium Rōmam sē petere simulāns Hannibal ūsque in Paelignōs populābundus rediit;Then Hannibal, pretending to make for Rome through Samnium, went back plundering as far as the Paeligni; Liv. 22.18.6Fabius medius inter, hostium agmen urbemque Rōmam iugīs dūcēbat nec absistēns nec congrediēns.Fabius led his army along the ridges midway between the enemy column and the city of Rome, neither keeping away nor engaging. Liv. 22.18.7Ex Paelignīs Poenus flexit iter retrōque Āpūliam repetēns Gereonium pervēnit, urbem metū, quia conlapsa ruīnīs pars moenium erat, ab suīs dēsertam;From the Paeligni the Carthaginian changed his route and, heading back again towards Apulia, reached Gereonium, a city deserted by its people through fear, because part of the walls had collapsed in ruins; Liv. 22.18.8dictātor in Lārīnāte agrō castra commūniit.the dictator fortified a camp in the territory of Larinum.

Liv. 22.18.8Inde sacrōrum causā Rōmam revocātus, nōn imperiō modo sed cōnsiliō etiam ac prope precibus agēns cum magistrō equitum, ut plūs cōnsiliō quam fortūnae cōnfīdat et sē potius ducem quam Semprōnium Flāminiumque imitētur;Then, recalled to Rome on account of religious rites, he dealt with the master of the horse not only by command but by advice and almost by entreaty, urging him to trust more to good counsel than to fortune and to imitate him as a commander rather than Sempronius and Flaminius; Liv. 22.18.9nē nihil āctum cēnsēret extrāctā prope aestāte per lūdificātiōnem hostis: medicōs quoque plūs interdum quiēte quam movendō atque agendō prōficere;he should not think that nothing had been achieved by dragging out almost the whole summer in baffling the enemy: doctors too sometimes did more good by rest than by movement and action; Liv. 22.18.10haud parvam rem esse ab totiēns victōre hoste vincī dēsīsse ac respīrāsse ab continuīs clādibus — haec nēquīquam praemonitō magistrō equitum Rōmam est profectus.it was no small thing to have stopped being beaten by an enemy so often victorious and to have drawn breath after continual disasters; having warned the master of the horse of these things in vain, he set out for Rome.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×3, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (159 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
abhorreō, -ēre, -uīshrink back from; be inconsistent with, be foreign to (ā + abl.)
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
lūx, lūcis, f.light
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
mōns, montis, m.mountain
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
interclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsumcut off, block
levis, -elight, slight
armātūra, -ae f.armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops)
facile, adv.easily
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
numerus, -ī, m.number
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
nisi, conj.if not, unless
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
superveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome up, arrive
adsuētus (assuētus), -a, -umaccustomed, used to; familiar
concursō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrun about, rush to and fro
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
rūpēs, -is, f.rock, cliff; reef
que, enclitic conj.and
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
cum, prep, with abl.with
vēlōcitās, -ātis f.speed, swiftness
corpus, corporis, n.body
tum, adv.then, at that time
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
campester, -tris, -treof the plain, flat, level
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
statārius, -a, -umstanding firm, fighting in fixed line
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
haudquāquam, adv.in no wise, not at all
pār, parisequal
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
omnis, -eall, every
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
quoque, adv.also
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
populābundus, -a, -umplundering, on a raid
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
urbs, urbis, f.city
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
absistō, -ere, abstitīstand away from, keep off
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
quia (conj.)because
collābor (conlābor), -lābī, -lapsus sumfall together, collapse, faint
ruīna, -ae f.fall, collapse, ruin
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
Lārīnās, -ātisof Larinum, a town of the Frentani
ager, agri, m.field, land
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
inde (adv.)from there; then
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
nōn, adv.not
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
modo, adv.only
sed, conj.but
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
potius (adv.)rather
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
imitor, -ārī, -ātus sumcopy, imitate
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
lūdificātiō, -ōnis f.mocking, making a fool of; baffling (an enemy)
medicus, -ī m.doctor
interdum (adv.)sometimes
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situsstop, cease (+ inf.)
respīrō, -spīrāre, -spīrāvī, -spīrātusbreathe back or out, breathe
continuus, -a, -umcontinuous, successive
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
praemoneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn beforehand, forewarn
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.