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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.10

The vow of a sacred spring

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Liv. 22.10.1Hīs senātūs cōnsultīs perfectīs L. Cornēlius Lentulus pontifex maximus cōnsulente collēgium praetōre omnium prīmum populum cōnsulendum dē vērē sacrō cēnset: iniussū populī vovērī nōn posse.When these decrees of the senate had been completed, Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, the pontifex maximus, when the praetor consulted the college, gives his opinion that first of all the people must be consulted about the sacred spring: it could not be vowed without the people's order. Liv. 22.10.2Rogātus in haec verba populus: " uelītis iubeātisne haec sīc fierī?The people were asked in these words: 'Do you wish and order these things to be done thus? Liv. 22.10.2Sī rēs pūblica populī Rōmānī Quirītium ad quīnquennium proximum, sīcut velim eam salvam, servāta erit hīsce duellīs, quod duellum populō Rōmānō cum Carthāginiēnsī est quaeque duella cum Gallīs sunt, quī cis Alpīs sunt, tum dōnum duit populus Rōmānus Quirītium, quod vēr attulerit ex suillō ovillō caprīnō bovillō grege quaeque profāna erunt, Iovī fierī, ex quā diē senātus populusque iusserit.If the republic of the Roman people, the Quirites, shall be preserved for the next five years, as I would wish it safe, in these wars — the war which the Roman people has with the Carthaginian, and the wars which it has with the Gauls who are on this side of the Alps — then let the Roman people, the Quirites, give as a gift whatever the spring shall have produced from the herds of swine, sheep, goats and cattle, and whatever shall not be consecrated, to be sacrificed to Jupiter from the day which the senate and people shall have ordered.

Liv. 22.10.4Quī faciet, quandō volet quāque lēge volet, facitō;Whoever shall sacrifice, let him sacrifice when he will and by what rite he will; Liv. 22.10.4quō modō faxit, probē factum Estō.in whatever way he does it, let it be deemed properly done. Liv. 22.10.5Sī id moritur quod fierī oportēbit, profānum Estō, neque scelus Estō.If the animal that ought to be sacrificed dies, let it be unconsecrated, and let there be no sin. Liv. 22.10.5Sī quis rumpet occidetve īnsciēns, nē fraus Estō.If anyone harms or kills it unknowingly, let it be no offence. Liv. 22.10.5Sī quis clepsit, nē populō scelus Estō nēve cui cleptum erit.If anyone steals it, let there be no sin on the people, nor on him from whom it was stolen. Liv. 22.10.6Sī ātrō diē faxit īnsciēns, probē factum Estō.If he sacrifices on an unlucky day unknowingly, let it be deemed properly done. Liv. 22.10.6Sī nocte sīve lūce, sī servus sīve līber faxit, probē factum Estō.Whether by night or by day, whether slave or free man sacrifices, let it be deemed properly done.

Liv. 22.10.6Sī antideā, quam senātus populusque iusserit fierī, faxitur, eō populus solūtus līber Estō."If it is sacrificed before the senate and people have ordered it to be done, let the people be absolved and free of it.' Liv. 22.10.7Eiusdem reī causā lūdī magnī vōtī aeris trecentīs trīgintā tribus mīlibus trecentīs trīgintā tribus triente, praetereā būbus Iovī trecentīs, multīs aliīs dīvīs būbus albīs atque cēterīs hostiīs.For the same purpose great games were vowed at a cost of three hundred and thirty-three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three and a third asses, and in addition three hundred oxen to Jupiter, and to many other gods white oxen and other victims. Liv. 22.10.8Vōtīs rīte nūncupātīs supplicātiō ēdicta;When the vows had been duly pronounced, a supplication was proclaimed; Liv. 22.10.8supplicātumque iēre cum coniugibus ac līberīs nōn urbāna multitūdō tantum, sed agrestium etiam quōs in aliquā suā fortūnā pūblica quoque contingēbat cūra.and to offer supplication there went with their wives and children not only the city population but also those of the country folk whom, having some fortune of their own, concern for the public welfare also touched.

Liv. 22.10.9Tum lectisternium per trīduum habitum decemvirīs sacrōrum cūrantibus.Then a lectisternium was held for three days, with the decemvirs for sacred rites in charge. Liv. 22.10.9Sex pulvīnāria in cōnspectū fuērunt: Iovī ac Iūnōnī ūnum, alterum Neptūnō ac Minervae, tertium Mārtī ac Venerī, quartum Apollinī ac Diānae, quīntum Vulcānō ac Vestae, sextum Mercuriō et Cererī.Six couches were on view: one for Jupiter and Juno, a second for Neptune and Minerva, a third for Mars and Venus, a fourth for Apollo and Diana, a fifth for Vulcan and Vesta, a sixth for Mercury and Ceres. Liv. 22.10.9Tum aedēs vōtae.Then the temples were vowed. Liv. 22.10.10Venerī Erucīnae aedem Q. Fabius Maximus dictātor vōvit, quia ita ex fātālibus librīs ēditum erat, ut is vovēret, cuius maximum imperium in cīvitāte esset;A temple to Venus Erycina was vowed by Quintus Fabius Maximus the dictator, because it had been declared from the books of fate that the one who held the highest authority in the state should vow it; Liv. 22.10.10Mentī aedem T. Otacilius praetor vōvit.a temple to Mens was vowed by the praetor Titus Otacilius.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (153 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
collēgium (conlēgium), -ī n.board, body of colleagues
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
omnis, -eall, every
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
populus, -ī m.people, nation
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vērē (adv.)truly, really
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
iniussū (abl. only) + gen.without the order (of)
voveō, -ēre, vōvī, vōtusvow, promise
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
verbum, -ī, n.word
volō, velle, voluīwish
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
sīc, adv.so, thus
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
sī, conj.if
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
quīnquennium, -ī n.period of five years
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
sīcut (conj.)just as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
duellum, -ī n.old form of bellum, war
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cum, prep, with abl.with
cis (prep. + acc.)on this side of
tum, adv.then, at that time
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vēr, vēris n.spring
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
suillus, -a, -umof pigs, swine's
ovillus, -a, -umof sheep
caprīnus, -a, -umof goats, goat's; de lana caprina: about trifles
bovillus, -a, -umof cattle
grex, gregis m.flock, herd; band, gang
profānus, -a, -umnot sacred, common, profane
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
que, enclitic conj.and
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
lēx, lēgis f.law
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
probē (adv.)well, properly, rightly
morior, morī, mortuusdie
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
īnsciēns, -scientis, adj.unknowing, unaware
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
clepō, -ere, clepsī, cleptussteal (archaic)
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
nox, noctis, f.night
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
lūx, lūcis, f.light
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
līber, lībera, līberumfree
anteā, adv.before
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
trecentī, -ae, -athree hundred
trīgintā (indecl.)thirty
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
triēns, -entis m.a third; a coin worth a third of an as
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
albus, -a, -umwhite
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
hostia, -ae f.sacrificial victim
rīte, adv.duly, fitly
nūncupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusname, call; declare publicly
supplicātiō, -ōnis f.public thanksgiving (to the gods)
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
supplicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspray humbly, make supplication (to: dat.)
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
sed, conj.but
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
quoque, adv.also
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
lectisternium, -ī n.feast for the gods, their images laid on couches before food
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
trīduum, -ī n.three days
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
sex (indecl.)six
pulvīnar, -āris n.couch for the images of the gods at a religious feast; hence shrine
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
tertius, -a, -umthird
quartus, -a, -umfourth
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
sextus, -a, -umsixth
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
aedēs, -is f.temple (sg.); house (pl.)
Erycīnus, -a, -umof Eryx, the mountain in western Sicily; epithet of Venus, worshipped there
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
quia (conj.)because
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
fātālis, -efated, destined; fatal, deadly
liber, librī m.book; record
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.