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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.9

Hannibal ravages; Fabius consults the gods

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Liv. 22.9.1Hannibal rēctō itinere per Umbriam ūsque ad Spolētium vēnit.Hannibal came by a direct route through Umbria as far as Spoletium. Liv. 22.9.2Inde cum perpopulātō agrō urbem oppugnāre adortus esset, cum magnā caede suōrum repulsus, coniectāns ex ūnīus colōniae minus prosperē temptātae vīribus, quanta mōlēs Rōmānae urbis esset, in agrum Pīcēnum āvertit iter nōn cōpiā sōlum omnis.Then, having thoroughly ravaged the countryside and begun to attack the town, he was driven back with great slaughter of his men, and guessing from the strength of a single colony, unsuccessfully attempted, how great a mass the city of Rome was, he turned his march aside into the Picene territory, which abounded not only in a supply of every Liv. 22.9.3Generis frūgum abundantem sed refertum praedā, quam effūsē avidī atque egentēs rapiēbant.kind of crop but was packed with plunder, which the men, greedy and in want, seized without restraint. Liv. 22.9.4Ibi per diēs aliquot statīva habita, refectusque mīles hībernīs itineribus ac palūstrī viā proeliōque magis ad ēventum secundō quam levī aut facilī adfectus.There a standing camp was kept for several days, and the soldiers, worn out by winter marches, the road through the marshes, and a battle more successful in its outcome than light or easy, were refreshed.

Liv. 22.9.5Ubi satis quiētis datum praedā ac populātiōnibus magis quam ōtiō aut requiē gaudentibus, profectus Praetūtiānum Hadriānumque agrum, Marsōs inde Marrūcīnōsque et Paelignōs dēvastat circāque Arpōs et Lūceriam proximam Āpūliae regiōnem.When enough rest had been given to men who delighted in plunder and pillage rather than in leisure or repose, he set out and ravages the territories of Praetutia and Hadria, then the Marsi, the Marrucini and the Paeligni, and the nearest part of Apulia around Arpi and Luceria. Liv. 22.9.6Cn. Servīlius cōnsul levibus proeliīs cum Gallīs factīs et ūnō oppidō ignōbilī expugnātō postquam dē collēgae exercitūsque caede audīvit, iam moenibus patriae metuēns, nē abesset in discrīmine extrēmō, ad urbem iter intendit.The consul Gnaeus Servilius, having fought minor engagements with the Gauls and stormed one obscure town, after he heard of the slaughter of his colleague and his army, now fearing for the walls of his fatherland, so as not to be absent in the final crisis, directed his march towards the city. Liv. 22.9.7Q. Fabius Maximus dictātor iterum quō diē magistrātum iniit vocātō senātū, ab diīs orsus, cum ēdocuisset patrēs plūs neglegentiā caerimōniārum auspiciōrumque quam temeritāte atque īnscītiā peccātum ā C. Flāminiō cōnsule esse quaeque piācula īrae deum essent ipsōs deōs cōnsulendōs esse, pervīcit, ut, quod nōn ferme dēcernitur, nisi cum taetra prōdigia nūntiāta sunt, decemvirī librōs Sibyllīnōs adīre iubērentur.Quintus Fabius Maximus, dictator for the second time, called the senate on the day he entered office, and beginning with the gods, when he had shown the fathers that the consul Gaius Flaminius had erred more through neglect of ceremonies and auspices than through rashness and ignorance, and that the gods themselves must be consulted as to what expiations there were for the gods' anger, he prevailed on them to have the decemvirs ordered to consult the Sibylline books, a thing not usually decreed except when hideous prodigies have been reported.

Liv. 22.9.9Quī īnspectīs fātālibus librīs rettulērunt patribus quod eius bellī causā vōtum Mārtī foret, id nōn rīte factum dē integrō atque amplius faciundum esse, et Iovī lūdōs magnōs et aedēs Venerī Erycīnae ac Mentī vovendās esse, et supplicātiōnem lectisterniumque habendum, et vēr sacrum vovendum, sī bellātum prosperē esset rēsque pūblica in eōdem, quō ante bellum fuisset, statū permānsisset.Having inspected the books of fate, they reported to the fathers that the vow which had been made to Mars on account of this war had not been duly performed and must be performed afresh and on a larger scale; that great games must be vowed to Jupiter and temples to Venus Erycina and to Mens; that a supplication and lectisternium must be held; and that a sacred spring must be vowed, if the war went well and the republic remained in the same condition as it had been before the war. Liv. 22.9.11Senātus, quoniam Fabium bellī cūra occupātūra esset, M. Aemilium praetōrem, ex collēgī pontificum sententiā omnia ea ut mātūrē fīant, cūrāre iubet.The senate, since the conduct of the war would occupy Fabius, orders the praetor Marcus Aemilius to see that all these things are done promptly, in accordance with the opinion of the college of pontiffs.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×5, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (177 words)
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
inde (adv.)from there; then
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
perpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste completely, ravage throughout
ager, agri, m.field, land
urbs, urbis, f.city
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, prep, with abl.with
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
coniectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinfer, conclude, guess
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
minus, comp. adv.less
prosperē (adv.)successfully, favourably
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
Pīcēnus, -a, -umof Picenum, a district on the Adriatic coast of Italy
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
nōn, adv.not
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
omnis, -eall, every
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
abundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumoverflow; have plenty of, abound in (+ abl.)
sed, conj.but
refertus, -a, -umcrammed, stuffed, filled (with: abl.)
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
effūsē (adv.)far and wide, without restraint
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
ibi, adv.in that place, there
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
statīva, -ōrum n. pl.a standing camp, permanent camp
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
que, enclitic conj.and
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
hībernus, -a, -umwintry, of winter
palūster, -tris, -tremarshy, swampy
via, -ae, f.road, way
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
levis, -elight, slight
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
requiēs, -ētis f.rest, repose
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
Praetūtiānus, -a, -umof the Praetutii, a people of Picenum
Hadriānus, -a, -umof Hadria (Atri), a town of Picenum
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dēvastō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste, ravage
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
oppidum, -ī, n.town
ignōbilis, -eunknown, obscure; of low birth
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
iam, adv.now, already
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
discrīmen, -crīminis, n.crisis, peril, danger
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
iterum, adv.again, a second time
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
senātus, -ūs m.senate
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
deus, -ī, m.god
ordior, -īrī, orsus sumbegin
ēdoceō, -ēre, -docuī, -doctuminform thoroughly, explain
pater, patris, m.father
plūs (adv.)more
neglegentia, -ae f.carelessness, neglect
caerimōnia, -ae f.sacred rite, ceremony
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
īnscītia, -ae f.ignorance, inexperience
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo wrong
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
piāculum, -ī n.an atoning sacrifice, expiation
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
pervincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victuswin through, carry one's point; master
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
nisi, conj.if not, unless
taeter, -tra, -trumfoul, hideous, loathsome
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
liber, librī m.book; record
Sibyllīnus, -a, -umSibylline, of the Sibyl; librī Sibyllīnī, the prophetic books kept by the state
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
fātālis, -efated, destined; fatal, deadly
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
bellum, -ī, n.war
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
voveō, -ēre, vōvī, vōtusvow, promise
rīte, adv.duly, fitly
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
amplius (adv.)more, further
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
aedēs, -is f.temple (sg.); house (pl.)
Erycīnus, -a, -umof Eryx, the mountain in western Sicily; epithet of Venus, worshipped there
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
supplicātiō, -ōnis f.public thanksgiving (to the gods)
lectisternium, -ī n.feast for the gods, their images laid on couches before food
vēr, vēris n.spring
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
sī, conj.if
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
status, -ūs m.condition, state
permaneō, -manēre, -mānsi, -mānsusremain
quoniam, conj.since now, since
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.