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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.60

Gnaeus Scipio's victory in Spain

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Liv. 21.60.1Dum haec in Ītaliā geruntur, Cn. Cornēlius Scīpiō in Hispāniam cum classe et exercitū missus cum ab ōstiō Rhodanī profectus Pȳrēnaeōsque montēs circumvectus Emporiās adpulisset classem, expositō ibi exercitū orsus ā Lacetānīs omnem ōram ūsque ad Hibērum flūmen partim renovandīs societātibus partim novīs īnstituendīs Rōmānae diciōnis fēcit.While these things are being done in Italy, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, who had been sent to Spain with a fleet and army, having set out from the mouth of the Rhône and sailed round the Pyrenees, put in with his fleet at Emporiae; landing his army there, and beginning with the Lacetani, he brought the whole coast as far as the river Ebro under Roman sway, partly by renewing alliances and partly by forming new ones. Liv. 21.60.4Inde conciliāta clēmentiae iūstitiaeque fāma nōn ad maritimōs modo populōs sed in mediterrāneīs quoque ac montānīs ad ferōciōrēs iam gentēs valuit;The reputation for clemency and justice won in this way had its effect not only on the coastal peoples but also on the fiercer tribes in the interior and the mountains; Liv. 21.60.4nec pāx modo apud eōs sed societās etiam armōrum parta est, validaeque aliquot auxiliōrum cohortēs ex iīs cōnscrīptae sunt.and not only peace was obtained among them but even an alliance in arms, and several strong cohorts of auxiliaries were enrolled from them.

Liv. 21.60.5Hannōnis cis Hibērum prōvincia erat;The province this side of the Ebro was Hanno's; Liv. 21.60.5eum relīquerat Hannibal ad regiōnis eius praesidium.Hannibal had left him to guard that region. Liv. 21.60.5Itaque, priusquam aliēnārentur omnia, obviam eundum ratus castrīs in cōnspectū hostium positīs in aciem ēdūxit.So, thinking he must go to meet the enemy before everything was alienated, he pitched camp in sight of them and led his army out into line. Liv. 21.60.6Nec Rōmānō differendum certāmen vīsum quippe quī scīret cum Hannōne et Hasdrubale sibi dīmicandum esse mālletque adversus singulōs sēparātim quam adversus duōs simul rem gerere.Nor did the Roman think the battle should be put off, since he knew that he would have to fight with Hanno and Hasdrubal and preferred to deal with each separately rather than with both at once. Liv. 21.60.7Nec magnī certāminis ea dīmicātiō fuit.Nor was that a hard-fought engagement. Liv. 21.60.7Sex mīlia hostium caesa, duo capta cum praesidiō castrōrum;Six thousand of the enemy were slain, two thousand captured along with the guard of the camp; Liv. 21.60.7nam et castra expugnāta sunt, atque ipse dux cum aliquot prīncipibus capiuntur, et Cissis, propinquum castrīs oppidum, expugnātur.for the camp too was stormed, and the general himself is captured with several leading men, and Cissis, a town near the camp, is stormed.

Liv. 21.60.8Cēterum praeda oppidī parvī pretiī rērum fuit, supellex barbarica, ac vīlium mancipiōrum;But the booty from the town was of little value, barbarian household goods and cheap slaves; Liv. 21.60.9castra mīlitem dītāvēre nōn eius modo exercitūs, quī victus erat, sed et eius, quī cum Hannibale in Ītaliā mīlitābat, omnibus ferē cārīs rēbus, nē gravia impedīmenta ferentibus essent, citrā Pȳrēnaeum relictīs.the camp enriched the soldiers, since not only the army that had been beaten but also the one serving with Hannibal in Italy had left almost all their valuables this side of the Pyrenees, so as not to have heavy baggage to carry.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (131 words)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
cum, prep, with abl.with
classis, -is f.fleet
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ōstium, -ī, n.mouth, doorway, door
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
Pȳrēnaeus, -a, -umof the Pyrenees (Pȳrēnaeī montēs: the Pyrenees)
que, enclitic conj.and
mōns, montis, m.mountain
circumvehor, -vehī, -vectus sumride around
appellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive to, bring to; with or without nāvem, put in
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
ibi, adv.in that place, there
ordior, -īrī, orsus sumbegin
omnis, -eall, every
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
flūmen, -minis, n.river
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
diciō, -ōnis f.power, rule, control
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
inde (adv.)from there; then
conciliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwin over; win, obtain
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
nōn, adv.not
maritimus, -a, -umof the sea, coastal
modo, adv.only
populus, -ī m.people, nation
sed, conj.but
mediterrāneus, -a, -uminland
quoque, adv.also
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
montānus, -a, -umof the mountains, mountain-
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
iam, adv.now, already
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
pāx, pācis f.peace
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
validus, -a, -umstrong
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
cis (prep. + acc.)on this side of
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
sēparātim (adv.)separately
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
sex (indecl.)six
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
nam, conj.for
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
oppidum, -ī, n.town
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
supellex, -lectilis f.household furniture, equipment, utensils
barbaricus, -a, -umforeign, barbarian (here: from the East)
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
mancipium, -ī n.a slave (as property); formal purchase, ownership
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusenrich; (pass.) grow rich
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
citrā (prep. + acc.)on this side of
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.