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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.61

Hasdrubal's raids and Scipio's reprisals

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Liv. 21.61.1Priusquam certa huius clādis fāma accideret, trānsgressus Hibērum Hasdrubal cum octō mīlibus peditum, mīlle equitum, tamquam ad prīmum adventum Rōmānōrum occursūrus, postquam perditās rēs ad Cissim āmissaque castra accēpit, iter ad mare convertit.Before any sure report of this defeat arrived, Hasdrubal, who had crossed the Ebro with eight thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry, intending to meet the Romans on their first arrival, turned his march towards the sea when he learned that all was lost at Cissis and the camp taken. Liv. 21.61.2Haud procul Tarracōne classicōs mīlitēs nāvālēsque sociōs vagōs pālantīsque per agrōs, quod ferme fit, ut secundae rēs neglegentiam creent, equite passim dīmissō cum magnā caede, maiōre fugā ad nāvēs compellit;Not far from Tarraco, sending his cavalry out in all directions, he drove the marines and naval allies, who were wandering and straggling over the fields, as generally happens when success breeds carelessness, back to their ships with great slaughter and greater rout; Liv. 21.61.3nec diūtius circā ea loca morārī ausus, nē ab Scīpiōne opprimerētur, trāns Hibērum sēsē recēpit.and not daring to linger any longer around those parts, lest he be overwhelmed by Scipio, he withdrew across the Ebro.

Liv. 21.61.4Et Scīpiō raptim ad fāmam novōrum hostium agmine āctō, cum in paucōs praefectōs nāvium animadvertisset, praesidiō Tarracōne modicō relictō Emporiās cum classe rediit.Scipio too, having hurried his column there at the news of fresh enemies, punished a few ship captains, left a modest garrison at Tarraco, and returned with the fleet to Emporiae. Liv. 21.61.5Vixdum dīgressō eō Hasdrubal aderat, et Ilergetum populō, quī obsidēs Scīpiōnī dederat, ad dēfectiōnem inpulsō cum eōrum ipsōrum iuventūte agrōs fidēlium Rōmānīs sociōrum vāstat.He had scarcely departed when Hasdrubal was there, and having driven the people of the Ilergetes, who had given hostages to Scipio, to revolt, he lays waste with their own young men the lands of the allies faithful to the Romans. Liv. 21.61.6Excitō deinde Scīpiōne hībernīs tōtō cis Hibērum rūrsus cēdit agrō.Then, when Scipio has been roused from winter quarters, he again withdraws from all the land this side of the Ebro. Liv. 21.61.6Scīpiō relictam ab auctōre dēfectiōnis Ilergetum gentem cum īnfestō exercitū invāsisset, conpulsīs omnibus Atanagrum urbem, quae caput eius populī erat, circumsēdit intrāque diēs paucōs plūribus quam ante obsidibus imperātīs Ilergetēs pecūniā etiam multātōs in iūs diciōnemque recēpit.Scipio, having invaded with a hostile army the people of the Ilergetes, abandoned by the instigator of their revolt, drove them all into the city of Atanagrum, which was the capital of that people, and besieged it; and within a few days, having demanded more hostages than before and fined the Ilergetes money as well, he received them back under his authority and dominion.

Liv. 21.61.8Inde in Ausētānōs prope Hibērum, sociōs et ipsōs Poenōrum, prōcēdit, atque urbe eōrum obsessā Lacetānōs auxilium fīnitimīs ferentēs nocte haud procul iam urbe, cum intrāre vellent, excēpit īnsidiīs.From there he advances against the Ausetani near the Ebro, themselves also allies of the Carthaginians, and having besieged their city, he ambushed the Lacetani by night, now not far from the city, as they were bringing help to their neighbours and trying to get in. Liv. 21.61.9Caesa ad duodecim mīlia;About twelve thousand were slain; Liv. 21.61.9exūtī prope omnēs armīs domōs passim pālantēs per agrōs diffūgēre.almost all the rest, stripped of their arms, scattered to their homes, straggling here and there over the fields. Liv. 21.61.9Nec obsessōs alia ūlla rēs quam inīqua oppugnantibus hiems tūtābātur.Nor did anything protect the besieged except the winter, which was hard on the besiegers. Liv. 21.61.10Trīgintā diēs obsidiō fuit, per quōs rārō umquam nix minus quattuor pedēs alta iacuit;The siege lasted thirty days, during which the snow seldom lay less than four feet deep; Liv. 21.61.10adeōque pluteōs ac vīneās Rōmānōrum operuerat, ut ea sōla ignibus aliquotiēns coniectīs ab hoste etiam tūtāmentum fuerit.and it had so covered the mantlets and sheds of the Romans that it alone served as protection even against fire several times thrown on them by the enemy.

Liv. 21.61.11Postrēmō, cum Amusicus prīnceps eōrum ad Hasdrubalem profūgisset, vīgintī argentī talentīs pactī dēduntur.Finally, when Amusicus, their chief, had fled to Hasdrubal, they surrender on terms of twenty talents of silver. Liv. 21.61.11Tarracōnem in hīberna reditum est.They returned to Tarraco for the winter.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×9, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (174 words)
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
cum, prep, with abl.with
octō (indecl.)eight
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
que, enclitic conj.and
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
mare, maris, n.sea
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
classicus, -a, -umof the fleet, naval; legio classica: legion raised from marines
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
neglegentia, -ae f.carelessness, neglect
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
fuga, -ae, f.flight
nāvis, -is, f.ship
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive together, drive
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
raptim, adv.hurriedly, in haste
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
classis, -is f.fleet
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
vixdum (adv.)hardly yet, scarcely yet
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
populus, -ī m.people, nation
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.revolt, desertion
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
deinde, adv.then, next
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
cis (prep. + acc.)on this side of
rūrsus, adv.again
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
omnis, -eall, every
urbs, urbis, f.city
caput, capitis, n.head
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
circumsedeō, -sedēre, -sēdī, -sessussit around, surround; besiege
intrā, prep. with acc.within
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
multō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspunish, fine; deprive (of: abl.)
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
diciō, -ōnis f.power, rule, control
inde (adv.)from there; then
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
nox, noctis, f.night
iam, adv.now, already
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgo within or into, enter
volō, velle, voluīwish
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
duodecim, indecl. adj.twelve
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
diffugiō, -ere, -fūgīscatter in flight, flee in all directions
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ūllus, -a, -umany
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
hiems, hiemis f.winter
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
trīgintā (indecl.)thirty
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
rārō (adv.)seldom, rarely
umquam, adv.ever
nix, nivis, f.snow
minus, comp. adv.less
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
pēs, pedis, m.foot
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
pluteus, -ī m.screen, breastwork (of wicker or boards)
vīnea, -ae f.shed (a movable shelter for besiegers)
operiō, -īre, -uī, -ertuscover
sōlus, -a, -umalone
ignis, -is, m.fire
aliquotiēns (adv.)several times
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
tūtāmentum, -ī n.protection, defence
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
profugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee, escape
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
argentum, -ī, n.silver
talentum, -ī n.talent, a large Greek weight and sum of money
pacīscor, -ī, pactus sumagree, arrange; pactus: agreed upon
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.