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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.58

A storm in the Apennines

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Liv. 21.58.1Haud longī inde temporis, dum intolerābilia frīgora erant, quiēs mīlitī data est;After that a rest of no long duration was given to the soldiers, while the cold was unbearable; Liv. 21.58.2et ad prīma ac dubia signa vēris profectus ex hībernīs in Etrūriam dūcit, eam quoque gentem, sīcut Gallōs Ligurēsque, aut vī aut voluntāte adiūnctūrus.and at the first uncertain signs of spring he set out from winter quarters and led them into Etruria, intending to win that people too, like the Gauls and Ligurians, either by force or by consent. Liv. 21.58.3Trānseuntem Appennīnum adeō atrōx adorta tempestās est, ut Alpium prope foeditātem superāverit.As he was crossing the Apennines, so fierce a storm fell upon him that it almost surpassed the horrors of the Alps. Liv. 21.58.3Ventō mīxtus imber cum ferrētur in ipsa ōra, prīmō, quia aut arma omittenda erant aut contrā ēnītentēs vertice intortī adflīgēbantur, cōnstitēre;Since rain mixed with wind was driving right into their faces, at first they halted, because either they had to let go of their arms or, if they struggled against it, they were whirled round and dashed to the ground; Liv. 21.58.4Dein, cum iam spīritum inclūderet nec reciprocāre animam sineret, āversī ā ventō parumper cōnsēdēre.then, when it began to stop their breath and would not let them breathe in and out, they turned their backs to the wind and sat down for a while.

Liv. 21.58.5Tum vērō ingentī sonō caelum strepere et inter horrendōs fragōrēs micāre ignēs;Then indeed the sky roared with a huge din and amid fearful crashes lightning flashed; Liv. 21.58.5captī auribus et oculīs metū omnēs torpēre.robbed of hearing and sight, all were numb with fear. Liv. 21.58.6Tandem effūsō imbre, cum eō magis accēnsa vīs ventī esset, ipsō illō, quō dēprēnsī erant, locō castra pōnere necessārium vīsum est.At last, when the rain had spent itself and the force of the wind had become all the fiercer for it, it seemed necessary to pitch camp in the very place where they had been caught. Liv. 21.58.7Id vērō labōris velut dē integrō initium fuit: nam nec explicāre quicquam nec statuere poterant nec, quod statūtum esset, manēbat omnia perscindente ventō et rapiente.But that was, as it were, the beginning of their toil all over again: for they could neither spread out nor set up anything, nor did what had been set up stay in place, as the wind tore and snatched everything away. Liv. 21.58.8Et mox aqua levāta ventō cum super gelida montium iuga concrēta esset, tantum nivōsae grandinis dēiēcit, ut omnibus omissīs prōcumberent hominēs tegminibus suīs magis obrutī quam tēctī;And soon, when the water lifted by the wind had frozen above the icy ridges of the mountains, it hurled down so much snowy hail that the men abandoned everything and threw themselves down, buried rather than sheltered by their coverings; Liv. 21.58.8tantaque vīs frīgoris īnsecūta est, ut ex illā miserābilī hominum iūmentōrumque strāge cum sē quisque attollere ac levāre vellet, diū nequīret, quia torpentibus rigōre nervīs vix flectere artūs poterant.and so severe a cold followed that, when each man wished to raise and lift himself out of that pitiful heap of men and beasts, for a long time he could not, because with their sinews stiff and numb they could scarcely bend their limbs.

Liv. 21.58.10Deinde, ut tandem agitandō sēsē movēre ac recipere animōs et rārīs locīs ignis fierī est coeptus, ad aliēnam opem quisque inops tendere.Then, when at last by moving about they began to stir and recover their spirits, and fires began to be made in a few places, each man in his helplessness reached out for help from others. Liv. 21.58.11Bīduum eō locō velut obsessī mānsēre.For two days they stayed in that place as if besieged. Liv. 21.58.11Multī hominēs, multa iūmenta, elephantī quoque ex iīs, quī proeliō ad Trebiam factō superfuerant, septem absūmptī.Many men, many pack animals, and also seven of the elephants that had survived the battle fought at the Trebia, perished.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (166 words)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
inde (adv.)from there; then
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
intolerābilis, -eunbearable
frīgus, -oris n.cold
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
vēr, vēris n.spring
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quoque, adv.also
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
sīcut (conj.)just as
que, enclitic conj.and
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
foeditās, -ātis f.foulness, hideousness
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
ventus, -ī, m.wind
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
prīmō, adv.at first
quia (conj.)because
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
ēnītor, -ī, -nīsus (-nīxus) sumstruggle upward; strive, exert oneself
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
intorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortushurl, twist into
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctusdash to, shatter
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
deinde, adv.then, next
iam, adv.now, already
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut up in, inclose, imprison
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
reciprocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmove back and forth; animam reciprocāre: breathe in and out
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
parumper (adv.)for a short while
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
sonus, -ī m.sound
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
strepō, -ere, -uīmake a noise, roar, hum
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
horrendus, -a, -umdreadful, terrible
fragor, -ōris m.crash, din
micō, -āre, -uīflash, glitter
ignis, -is, m.fire
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
auris, -is, f.ear
oculus, -ī, m.eye
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
omnis, -eall, every
torpeō, -ērebe numb, be paralysed
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dēprendō, -prendere, -prendī, -prēnsusseize, catch; take by surprise
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
veluteven or just as, as
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
initium, -ī, n.beginning
nam, conj.for
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
perscindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissustear apart, rip through
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
mox, adv.soon
aqua, -ae, f.water
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift; lighten, relieve
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
gelidus, -a, -umicy, ice-cold
mōns, montis, m.mountain
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
concrēscō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusharden, set; concrētus: clotted, matted
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
nivōsus, -a, -umsnowy, full of snow
grandō, -inis f.hail
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
prōcumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumfall down, sink down
homō, hominis, m.man
tegimen (tegumen), -inis n.covering, protection
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
iūmentum, -ī n.pack animal, beast of burden
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
attollō, -erelift up, raise
volō, velle, voluīwish
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
rigor, -ōris m.stiffness, hardness
nervus, -ī, m.sinew, muscle
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
inops, -opispoor, needy
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
bīduum, -ī n.two days
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
elephantus, -ī m.elephant
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
septemseven
absūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake away, consume, destroy
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.