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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.36

The column blocked by a landslide

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Liv. 21.36.1Ventum deinde ad multō angustiōrem rūpem atque ita rēctīs saxīs, ut aegrē expedītus mīles temptābundus manibusque retinēns virgulta ac stirpēs circā ēminentēs dēmittere sēsē posset.Then they came to a much narrower cliff, with rocks so sheer that a lightly equipped soldier, feeling his way and clinging with his hands to the bushes and stumps jutting out round about, could barely let himself down. Liv. 21.36.2Nātūrā locus iam ante praeceps recentī lāpsū terrae in pedum mīlle admodum altitūdinem abruptus erat.The place, already steep by nature, had been broken away by a recent landslide to a depth of fully a thousand feet. Liv. 21.36.3Ibi cum velut ad fīnem viae equitēs cōnstitissent, mīrantī Hannibalī, quae rēs morārētur agmen, nūntiātur rūpem inviam esse.There, when the cavalry had halted as though at the end of the road, word is brought to Hannibal, who was wondering what was holding up the column, that the cliff is impassable. Liv. 21.36.4Dīgressus deinde ipse ad locum vīsendum.Then he went off himself to view the place. Liv. 21.36.4Haud dubia rēs vīsa, quīn per invia circā nec trīta anteā quamvīs longō ambitū circumdūceret agmen.There seemed to be no doubt that he must lead the column round through the trackless and untrodden country nearby, however long the detour.

Liv. 21.36.5Ea vērō via inexsuperābilis fuit.That route, however, proved impossible to get over. Liv. 21.36.5Nam cum super veterem nivem intāctam nova modicae altitūdinis esset, mollī nec praealtae facile pedēs ingredientium īnsistēbant;For since on top of the old untouched snow there lay new snow of moderate depth, the feet of those walking in it easily found a hold in the soft and not very deep layer; Liv. 21.36.6ut vērō tot hominum iūmentōrumque incessū dīlāpsa est, per nūdam īnfrā glaciem fluentemque tābem liquēscentis nivis ingrediēbantur.but when it had been churned away by the tread of so many men and beasts, they were walking on the bare ice beneath and the running slush of melting snow. Liv. 21.36.7Taetra ibi luctātiō erat viā lūbricā nōn recipiente vestīgium et in prōnō citius pedēs fallente, ut, seu manibus in adsurgendō seu genū sē adiūvissent, ipsīs adminiculīs prōlāpsīs iterum corruerent;There was a hideous struggle there, as the slippery surface gave no hold to the foot and on the slope tripped their feet all the more quickly, so that whether they helped themselves up with their hands or with a knee, these very supports slipped and they fell again; Liv. 21.36.7nec stirpēs circā rādīcēsve, ad quās pede aut manū quisquam ēnītī posset, erant;nor were there any stumps or roots round about against which anyone could brace himself with foot or hand; Liv. 21.36.7ita in levī tantum glaciē tābidāque nive volūtābantur.and so they merely rolled about on the smooth ice and the slushy snow.

Liv. 21.36.8Iūmenta secābant interdum etiam īnfimam ingredientia nivem et prōlāpsa iactandīs gravius in cōnītendō ungulīs penitus perfringēbant, ut plēraque velut pedicā capta haerērent in dūrā et altē concrētā glaciē.The pack animals sometimes even cut through into the lowest layer of snow as they trod, and when they slipped, by striking out more violently with their hooves as they struggled, they broke right through it, so that most of them stuck fast in the hard and deeply frozen ice as though caught in a snare.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (139 words)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
deinde, adv.then, next
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
angustus, -a, -umnarrow, cramped
rūpēs, -is, f.rock, cliff; reef
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
temptābundus, -a, -umtrying, feeling one's way, testing each step
manus, -ūs, f.hand
que, enclitic conj.and
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
virgultum, -ī n.brushwood, thicket
stirps, stirpis f.stock, root; family, race
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
iam, adv.now, already
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
lāpsus, -ūs m.gliding, sliding movement; a fall
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pēs, pedis, m.foot
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
admodum (adv.)very, quite
altitūdō, -inis f.height; depth
abrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak off, cut short
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ibi, adv.in that place, there
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
veluteven or just as, as
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
via, -ae, f.road, way
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
invius, -a, -umpathless, impassable
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
anteā, adv.before
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
circumdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead around, draw around
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
inexsuperābilis, -eimpassable, insurmountable
nam, conj.for
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
vetus, veterisold, former
nix, nivis, f.snow
intāctus, -a, -umuntouched, unharmed
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
mollis, -esoft, weak
praealtus, -a, -umvery high; very deep
facile, adv.easily
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitīstand on
tot (indecl.)so many
homō, hominis, m.man
iūmentum, -ī n.pack animal, beast of burden
incessus, -ūs m.walk, gait
dīlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip away, melt away, scatter
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
īnfrā (adv. and prep. + acc.)below, further down
glaciēs, -ēī f.ice
fluō, -ere, flūxīflow
tābēs, -is f.wasting, decay; plague, pestilence
liquēscō, -ere, licuībecome clear (of liquids), settle; melt
taeter, -tra, -trumfoul, hideous, loathsome
luctātiō, -ōnis f.struggle, wrestling
lūbricus, -a, -umslippery, smooth
nōn, adv.not
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up
genū, -ūs n.knee
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
adminiculum, -ī n.prop, support; aid
prōlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip forward, fall down
iterum, adv.again, a second time
corruō, -ere, -ruīfall down, collapse
rādīx, -īcis f.root; (of a hill) foot
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
ēnītor, -ī, -nīsus (-nīxus) sumstruggle upward; strive, exert oneself
levis, -elight, slight
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
tābidus, -a, -umwasting, decaying; consuming
volūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusroll, turn over; passive: roll about, writhe
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
interdum (adv.)sometimes
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
īnfimus, -a, -umlowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill)
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
cōnītor, -ī, -nīxus (-nīsus) sumstrive hard, struggle; make every effort
ungula, -ae f.hoof
penitus (adv.)deep within, far inside
perfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctumbreak through
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
pedica, -ae f.a snare for the feet, fetter
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrusstick; hesitate
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
altē (adv.)high; deep
concrēscō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusharden, set; concrētus: clotted, matted
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.