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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.26

Scipio sails; Hannibal at the Rhône

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Liv. 21.26.1Quī tumultus repēns postquam est Rōmam perlātus, et Pūnicum īnsuper Gallicō bellum auctum patrēs accēpērunt, C. Atīlium praetōrem cum ūnā legiōne Rōmānā et quīnque mīlibus sociōrum dīlēctū novō ā cōnsule cōnscrīptīs auxilium ferre Mānliō iubent;When this sudden uprising was reported at Rome, and the senators learned that a Gallic war had been added to the Carthaginian one as well, they order the praetor Gaius Atilius to bring help to Manlius with one Roman legion and five thousand allies enlisted by the consul in a new levy; Liv. 21.26.2quī sine ūllō certāmine — abscesserant enim metū hostēs — Tannētum pervēnit.he reached Tannetum without any fighting — for the enemy had withdrawn in fear. Liv. 21.26.3Et P. Cornēlius in locum eius quae missa cum praetōre erat, scrīptā legiōne novā profectus ab urbe sexāgintā longīs nāvibus praeter ōram Etrūriae Ligurumque et inde Salluvium montīs pervēnit Massiliam et ad proxumum ōstium Rhodanī — plūribus enim dīvīsus amnis in mare dēcurrit — castra locat, vixdum satis crēdēns Hannibalem superāsse Pȳrēnaeōs montīs.And Publius Cornelius, having enrolled a new legion in place of the one which had been sent with the praetor, set out from the city with sixty warships, sailed along the coast of Etruria and of the Ligurians and then of the Salluvian mountains, reached Massilia and pitches camp at the nearest mouth of the Rhône — for the river flows down into the sea divided into several channels — scarcely yet believing that Hannibal had crossed the Pyrenees.

Liv. 21.26.5Quem ut dē Rhodanī quoque trānsitū agitāre animadvertit, incertus, quōnam eī locō occurreret, necdum satis refectīs ab iactātiōne maritumā mīlitibus, trecentōs interim dēlēctōs equitēs ducibus Massiliēnsibus et auxiliāribus Gallīs ad explōranda omnia vīsendōsque ex tūtō hostēs praemittit.When he learned that Hannibal was also considering the crossing of the Rhône, uncertain where he should meet him, and with his soldiers not yet sufficiently recovered from the tossing of the sea, he sends ahead meanwhile three hundred picked cavalry with Massiliot guides and Gaulish auxiliaries to reconnoitre everything and observe the enemy from a safe distance. Liv. 21.26.6Hannibal cēterīs metū aut pretiō pācātīs iam in Volcārum pervēnerat agrum, gentis validae.Hannibal, having pacified the others by fear or by payment, had now reached the territory of the Volcae, a powerful nation. Liv. 21.26.6Colunt autem circā utramque rīpam Rhodanī;They live on both banks of the Rhône; Liv. 21.26.6sed diffīsī citeriōre agrō arcērī Poenum posse, ut flūmen prō mūnīmentō habērent, omnibus ferme suīs trāns Rhodanum trāiectīs ulteriōrem rīpam amnis armīs obtinēbant.but doubting that the Carthaginian could be kept out of the land on the nearer side, so as to have the river as a defence, they had taken almost all their people across the Rhône and were holding the farther bank of the river with arms.

Liv. 21.26.7Cēterōs accolās flūminis Hannibal et eōrum ipsōrum, quōs sēdēs suae tenuerant, simul perlicit dōnīs ad nāvēs undique contrahendās fabricandāsque, simul et ipsī trāicī exercitum levārīque quam prīmum regiōnem suam tantā hominum urgente turbā cupiēbant.Hannibal wins over with gifts the other dwellers by the river, and even those of the Volcae themselves whom their homes had kept back, to gather and build boats from every side, and at the same time they themselves were eager for the army to be taken across and their region relieved as soon as possible from the pressure of so great a crowd of men. Liv. 21.26.8Itaque ingēns coācta vīs nāvium est lintriumque temerē ad vīcīnālem ūsum parātārum;And so a huge number of ships was collected, and of boats roughly made for local use; Liv. 21.26.8novāsque aliās prīmum Gallī inchoantēs cavābant ex singulīs arboribus, deinde et ipsī mīlitēs simul cōpiā māteriae simul facilitāte operis inductī alveōs īnfōrmēs, nihil, dummodo innāre aquae et capere onera possent, cūrantēs, raptim, quibus sē suaque trānsveherent, faciēbant.and the Gauls, making a start, were hollowing out other new ones from single trees, and then the soldiers themselves too, induced both by the abundance of timber and by the ease of the work, were hastily making shapeless hulls in which to carry themselves and their belongings across, caring for nothing as long as they could float on the water and carry loads.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (176 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
repēns, -entissudden
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
Pūnicus, -a, -umPunic, Carthaginian; bella Pūnica: the wars with Carthage
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
Gallicus, -a, -umGallic, of Gaul
bellum, -ī, n.war
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
pater, patris, m.father
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
cum, prep, with abl.with
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quīnquefive
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
abscēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo away, withdraw
enim, conj.for
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
urbs, urbis, f.city
sexāgintā (indecl.)sixty
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
nāvis, -is, f.ship
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
que, enclitic conj.and
inde (adv.)from there; then
mōns, montis, m.mountain
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
ōstium, -ī, n.mouth, doorway, door
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
amnis, -is m.river
mare, maris, n.sea
dēcurrō, -currere, -cucurrī, -cursusrun down
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
vixdum (adv.)hardly yet, scarcely yet
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
Pȳrēnaeus, -a, -umof the Pyrenees (Pȳrēnaeī montēs: the Pyrenees)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
quoque, adv.also
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
quōnam (adv.)by what way, how ever; quōnam modō: how ever, in what way
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
necdum (adv.)and not yet, not yet
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
iactātiō, -ōnis f.boasting, display; tossing, shaking
maritimus, -a, -umof the sea, coastal
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
trecentī, -ae, -athree hundred
interim (adv.)meanwhile
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
auxiliāris, -e; as noun, -is m.auxiliary; (pl.) auxiliary troops
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
omnis, -eall, every
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tūtum, -ī n.safety, a safe place; in tūtō: in safety
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumsubdue, pacify
iam, adv.now, already
ager, agri, m.field, land
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
validus, -a, -umstrong
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
sed, conj.but
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
citerior, -ius, adj.on this side, hither
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
flūmen, -minis, n.river
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
ulterior, -ius, adj.farther
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
accola, -ae m.neighbour, one living nearby
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
perliciō (pelliciō), -ere, -lexī, -lectusentice, win over, lure
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
undique, adv.from or on all sides
contrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctumdraw together, collect
fabricō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake, build, fashion
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift; lighten, relieve
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
homō, hominis, m.man
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
turba, -ae f.crowd
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
linter, lintris, f.boat, skiff
temerē, adv.rashly
vīcīnālis, -elocal, of the neighbourhood
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
inchoō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start on; sketch out
cavō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushollow out
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
arbor, -oris, f.tree
deinde, adv.then, next
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
opus, operis, n.work, task
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
alveus, -ī m.hollow vessel; trough, tub; river bed
īnfōrmis, -eshapeless; ugly
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dummodo (conj.)provided that, if only (+ subj.)
innō, -āreswim in, sail on
aqua, -ae, f.water
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
onus, oneris n.load, weight
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
raptim, adv.hurriedly, in haste
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
trānsvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry across or over
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.