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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.25

The Boii revolt in northern Italy

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Liv. 21.25.1In Ītaliam interim nihil ultrā quam Hibērum trānsīsse Hannibalem ā Massiliēnsium lēgātīs Rōmam perlātum erat, cum, perinde ac sī Alpīs iam trānsīsset, Boī sollicitātīs Īnsubribus dēfēcērunt, nec tam ob veterēs in populum Rōmānum īrās, quam quod nūper circā Padum Placentiam Cremōnamque colōniās in agrum Gallicum dēductās aegrē patiēbantur.Meanwhile no more news had been carried into Italy, to Rome, by the envoys of the Massiliots than that Hannibal had crossed the Ebro, when, just as if he had already crossed the Alps, the Boii, having stirred up the Insubres, revolted, not so much from their old anger against the Roman people as because they resented the recent planting of the colonies of Placentia and Cremona on Gallic land around the Po. Liv. 21.25.3Itaque armīs repente arreptīs in eum ipsum agrum impetū factō tantum terrōris ac tumultūs fēcērunt, ut nōn agrestis modo multitūdō sed ipsī triumvirī Rōmānī, quī ad agrum vēnerant adsignandum, diffīsī Placentiae moenibus Mutinam cōnfūgerint, C. Lutātius C. Servīlius M. Annius.And so, suddenly seizing arms and making an attack on that very land, they caused such terror and confusion that not only the country people but the Roman land commissioners themselves, who had come to assign the land, Gaius Lutatius, Gaius Servilius and Marcus Annius, distrusting the walls of Placentia, fled to Mutina.

Liv. 21.25.4Lutātī nōmen haud dubium est;The name of Lutatius is not in doubt; Liv. 21.25.4prō Anniō Servīliōque M'. Acīlium et C. Herennium habent quīdam annālēs, aliī P. Cornēlium Asinam et C. Papīrium Masōnem.instead of Annius and Servilius some annals have Manius Acilius and Gaius Herennius, others Publius Cornelius Asina and Gaius Papirius Maso. Liv. 21.25.5Id quoque dubium est, lēgātī ad expostulandum missī ad Boiōs violātī sint, an in triumvirōs agrum mētantīs impetus sit factus.It is also doubtful whether envoys sent to the Boii to remonstrate were maltreated, or whether the attack was made on the commissioners as they were measuring out the land. Liv. 21.25.6Mutinae cum obsidērentur, et gēns ad oppugnandārum urbium artēs rudis, pigerrima eadem ad mīlitāria opera, segnis intāctīs adsidēret mūrīs, simulārī coeptum dē pāce agī, ēvocātīque ab Gallōrum prīncipibus lēgātī ad conloquium nōn contrā iūs modo gentium sed violāta etiam, quae data in id tempus erat, fidē conprehenduntur, negantibus Gallīs, nisi obsidēs sibi redderentur, eōs dīmissūrōs.When they were being besieged at Mutina, and the nation, unskilled in the arts of attacking cities and at the same time very sluggish at military works, was sitting idly before the untouched walls, a pretence began to be made of negotiating peace, and the envoys, called out to a parley by the Gaulish chiefs, are seized, not only against the law of nations but in violation of the pledge which had been given for that occasion, the Gauls declaring that they would not release them unless their own hostages were returned to them.

Liv. 21.25.8Cum haec dē lēgātīs nūntiāta essent, et Mutina praesidiumque in perīculō esset, L. Mānlius praetor īrā accēnsus effūsum agmen ad Mutinam dūcit.When this news about the envoys had been brought, and Mutina and its garrison were in danger, the praetor Lucius Manlius, burning with anger, leads his army in loose order towards Mutina. Liv. 21.25.9Silvae tunc circā viam erant plērīsque incultīs.At that time there were woods around the road, most of the land being uncultivated. Liv. 21.25.9Ibi inexplōrātō profectus in īnsidiās praecipitātur multāque cum caede suōrum aegrē in apertōs campōs ēmersit.There, having set out without reconnoitring, he plunges into an ambush, and with great slaughter of his men he barely made his way out into open plains. Liv. 21.25.10Ibi castra commūnīta et, quia Gallīs ad temptanda ea dēfuit spēs, refectī sunt mīlitum animī, quamquam ad quīngentōs cecidisse satis cōnstābat.There a camp was fortified, and, because the Gauls lacked the confidence to attack it, the soldiers' spirits were restored, although it was well established that about five hundred had fallen. Liv. 21.25.11Iter deinde dē integrō coeptum, nec, dum per patentia loca dūcēbātur agmen, appāruit hostis;Then the march was begun afresh, and as long as the column was being led through open country, no enemy appeared; Liv. 21.25.12ubi rūrsus silvae intrātae, tum postrēmōs adortī cum magnā trepidātiōne ac pavōre omnium septingentōs mīlitēs occīdērunt, sex signa adēmēre.when the woods were entered again, then, attacking the rear amid great alarm and panic on all sides, they killed seven hundred soldiers and took six standards.

Liv. 21.25.13Fīnis et Gallīs territandī et pavendī fuit Rōmānīs ut ē saltū inviō atque impedītō ēvāsēre.There was an end of terrifying for the Gauls and of fearing for the Romans as soon as they got out of the pathless and tangled forest. Liv. 21.25.13Inde apertīs locīs facile tūtantēs agmen Rōmānī Tannētum, vīcum propinquum Padō, contendere.Then, easily protecting their column in open country, the Romans hastened to Tannetum, a village near the Po. Liv. 21.25.14Ibi sē mūnīmentō ad tempus commeātibusque flūminis et Brixiānōrum etiam Gallōrum auxiliō adversus crēscentem in diēs multitūdinem hostium tūtābantur.There they protected themselves with a temporary fortification, with supplies brought by the river, and with the help also of the Brixian Gauls against the multitude of the enemy which grew day by day.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×6, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (194 words)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
interim (adv.)meanwhile
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
perinde (adv.)in the same way, equally; haud perinde: not so much
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sī, conj.if
iam, adv.now, already
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tam, adv.so
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
vetus, veterisold, former
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
que, enclitic conj.and
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
ager, agri, m.field, land
Gallicus, -a, -umGallic, of Gaul
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
repente (adv.)suddenly
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōn, adv.not
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
modo, adv.only
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
sed, conj.but
triumvir, -ī m.triumvir, member of a board of three
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
assignō (adsignō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusassign, allot
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
annālis, -is m.chronicle, year-by-year history (liber annālis)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
quoque, adv.also
expostulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdemand urgently; complain, remonstrate
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
an, conj.or (in questions)
mētor, -ārī, -ātus summeasure out, mark out
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
urbs, urbis, f.city
ars, artis, f.art
rudis, -eraw, rough; (of cloth) new, unshrunk
piger, -gra, -grumsluggish, slow
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
opus, operis, n.work, task
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
intāctus, -a, -umuntouched, unharmed
adsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessumsit down (by), take one's seat
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
pāx, pācis f.peace
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall out, challenge
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
colloquium (conloquium), -ī n.conference, talk
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsusseize, catch
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
nisi, conj.if not, unless
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
via, -ae, f.road, way
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
incultus, -a, -umuntilled, uncultivated; wild, rough
ibi, adv.in that place, there
inexplōrātō (adv.)without reconnoitring, without scouting ahead
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cum, prep, with abl.with
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
apertus, -a, -umopen
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
ēmergō, -mergere, -mersī, -mersusrise out, come up; get clear (of trouble)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
quia (conj.)because
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
spēs, speī, f.hope
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quamquam, conj.however much, although
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
deinde, adv.then, next
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
rūrsus, adv.again
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgo within or into, enter
tum, adv.then, at that time
postrēmus, -a, -umlast
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
omnis, -eall, every
septingentī, -ae, -aseven hundred
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
sex (indecl.)six
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
territō, -ārekeep frightening
paveō, -ēre, pāvībe terrified, tremble
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
invius, -a, -umpathless, impassable
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
inde (adv.)from there; then
facile, adv.easily
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
vīcus, -ī, m.village
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
flūmen, -minis, n.river
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.