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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.16

Rome hears of Saguntum's fall

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Liv. 21.16.1Sub idem ferē tempus et lēgātī, quī redierant ab Carthāgine, Rōmam rettulērunt omnia hostīlia esse, et Saguntī excidium nūntiātum est;At about the same time the envoys who had returned from Carthage reported at Rome that everything was hostile, and the destruction of Saguntum was announced; Liv. 21.16.2tantusque simul maeror patrēs misericordiaque sociōrum perēmptōrum indignē et pudor nōn lātī auxiliī et īra in Carthāginiēnsēs metusque dē summā rērum cēpit, velut sī iam ad portās hostis esset, ut tot ūnō tempore mōtibus animī turbātī trepidārent magis quam cōnsulerent: nam neque hostem ācriōrem bellicōsiōremque sēcum congressum nec rem Rōmānam tam dēsidem umquam fuisse atque inbellem.and at once such grief seized the senators, and pity for allies so undeservedly destroyed, and shame at not having brought help, and anger against the Carthaginians, and fear for the safety of the state, as if the enemy were already at the gates, that, troubled by so many emotions at one time, they panicked rather than deliberated: for never, they felt, had a fiercer or more warlike enemy engaged with them, nor had the Roman state ever been so sluggish and unwarlike. Liv. 21.16.3Sardōs Corsōsque et Histrōs atque Illyriōs lacessīsse magis quam exercuisse Rōmāna arma, et cum Gallīs tumultuātum vērius quam belligerātum;The Sardinians and Corsicans, the Histrians and Illyrians had harassed rather than exercised Roman arms, and with the Gauls there had been skirmishing rather than real war; Liv. 21.16.5Poenum hostem veterānum trium et vīgintī annōrum mīlitiā dūrissimā inter Hispānās gentēs, semper victōrem, ducī ācerrimō adsuētum, recentem ab excidiō opulentissimae urbis Hibērum trānsīre, trahere sēcum tot excitōs Hispānōrum populōs, concitūrum avidās semper armōrum Gallicās gentēs: cum orbe terrārum bellum gerendum in Ītaliā ac prō moenibus Rōmānīs esse.the Carthaginian, a veteran enemy hardened by twenty-three years of the harshest service among the Spanish peoples, always victorious, accustomed to a most vigorous leader, fresh from the destruction of a very wealthy city, was crossing the Ebro, dragging with him so many peoples of Spain that he had roused, and was about to stir up the Gallic nations, always eager for war: they would have to wage war with the whole world, in Italy and before the walls of Rome.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (99 words)
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
omnis, -eall, every
hostīlis, -eof the enemy, hostile
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
excidium, -ī n.destruction, overthrow
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
que, enclitic conj.and
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
maeror, -ōris m.grief, sorrow
pater, patris, m.father
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
perimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdestroy, kill
indignē (adv.)shamefully, undeservedly
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
nōn, adv.not
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
veluteven or just as, as
sī, conj.if
iam, adv.now, already
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tot (indecl.)so many
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
nam, conj.for
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
bellicōsus, -a, -umwar-like
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
congressus, -ūs m.meeting; encounter, clash
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tam, adv.so
dēses, -idisidle, inactive
umquam, adv.ever
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
imbellis, -eunwarlike, cowardly
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
cum, prep, with abl.with
tumultuor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe in an uproar, make a commotion
vērē (adv.)truly, really
belligerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswage war, fight
veterānus, -a, -umveteran
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
annus, -ī, m.year
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
Hispānus, -a, -umSpanish; as noun, a Spaniard
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
semper, adv.always
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
urbs, urbis, f.city
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
populus, -ī m.people, nation
concieō, -ēre, -cīvī, -citusbring together, gather; stir up
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
Gallicus, -a, -umGallic, of Gaul
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
bellum, -ī, n.war
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.