Liv. 21.16.1Sub idem ferē tempus et lēgātī, quī redierant ab Carthāgine, Rōmam rettulērunt omnia hostīlia esse, et Saguntī excidium nūntiātum est;At about the same time the envoys who had returned from Carthage reported at Rome that everything was hostile, and the destruction of Saguntum was announced; Liv. 21.16.2tantusque simul maeror patrēs misericordiaque sociōrum perēmptōrum indignē et pudor nōn lātī auxiliī et īra in Carthāginiēnsēs metusque dē summā rērum cēpit, velut sī iam ad portās hostis esset, ut tot ūnō tempore mōtibus animī turbātī trepidārent magis quam cōnsulerent: nam neque hostem ācriōrem bellicōsiōremque sēcum congressum nec rem Rōmānam tam dēsidem umquam fuisse atque inbellem.and at once such grief seized the senators, and pity for allies so undeservedly destroyed, and shame at not having brought help, and anger against the Carthaginians, and fear for the safety of the state, as if the enemy were already at the gates, that, troubled by so many emotions at one time, they panicked rather than deliberated: for never, they felt, had a fiercer or more warlike enemy engaged with them, nor had the Roman state ever been so sluggish and unwarlike. Liv. 21.16.3Sardōs Corsōsque et Histrōs atque Illyriōs lacessīsse magis quam exercuisse Rōmāna arma, et cum Gallīs tumultuātum vērius quam belligerātum;The Sardinians and Corsicans, the Histrians and Illyrians had harassed rather than exercised Roman arms, and with the Gauls there had been skirmishing rather than real war; Liv. 21.16.5Poenum hostem veterānum trium et vīgintī annōrum mīlitiā dūrissimā inter Hispānās gentēs, semper victōrem, ducī ācerrimō adsuētum, recentem ab excidiō opulentissimae urbis Hibērum trānsīre, trahere sēcum tot excitōs Hispānōrum populōs, concitūrum avidās semper armōrum Gallicās gentēs: cum orbe terrārum bellum gerendum in Ītaliā ac prō moenibus Rōmānīs esse.the Carthaginian, a veteran enemy hardened by twenty-three years of the harshest service among the Spanish peoples, always victorious, accustomed to a most vigorous leader, fresh from the destruction of a very wealthy city, was crossing the Ebro, dragging with him so many peoples of Spain that he had roused, and was about to stir up the Gallic nations, always eager for war: they would have to wage war with the whole world, in Italy and before the walls of Rome.
Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 21 › Ab Urbe Condita 21.16
Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI
Ab Urbe Condita 21.16
Rome hears of Saguntum's fall
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Read in LectitōGrammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1
Latin vocabulary for this passage (99 words)
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| ferē, adv. | nearly, about, almost, for the most part |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go back, return |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| referō, referre, rettulī, relātus | bring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| hostīlis, -e | of the enemy, hostile |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| excidium, -ī n. | destruction, overthrow |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| maeror, -ōris m. | grief, sorrow |
| pater, patris, m. | father |
| misericordia, -ae, f; | pity, compassion |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| perimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptus | destroy, kill |
| indignē (adv.) | shamefully, undeservedly |
| pudor, -ōris m. | shame, sense of honour |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| īra, -ae, f. | anger, wrath |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| metus, -ūs m. | fear, dread |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| summa, -ae f. | total, sum; supreme command |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| velut | even or just as, as |
| sī, conj. | if |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| tot (indecl.) | so many |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| mōtus, -ūs m. | motion, movement; uprising |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | confuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble |
| trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | be in a panic, hurry about in alarm |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tus | consult |
| nam, conj. | for |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ācer, ācris, ācre | sharp, shrill |
| bellicōsus, -a, -um | war-like |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| congressus, -ūs m. | meeting; encounter, clash |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| tam, adv. | so |
| dēses, -idis | idle, inactive |
| umquam, adv. | ever |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| imbellis, -e | unwarlike, cowardly |
| lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum | provoke, harass |
| exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitus | exercise |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| tumultuor, -ārī, -ātus sum | be in an uproar, make a commotion |
| vērē (adv.) | truly, really |
| belligerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | wage war, fight |
| veterānus, -a, -um | veteran |
| trēs, tria, plur. adj. | three |
| vīgintī, indecl. adj. | twenty |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| mīlitia, -ae f. | military service |
| dūrus, -a, -um | hard; harsh; difficult |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| Hispānus, -a, -um | Spanish; as noun, a Spaniard |
| gēns, gentis, f. | race, nation |
| semper, adv. | always |
| victor, -ōris m. | conqueror, victor |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētus | become accustomed, get used to |
| recēns, -entis | recent, fresh |
| opulentus, -a, -um | rich, wealthy, powerful |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go across or over, cross |
| trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctus | draw, drag |
| exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citus | rouse, stir up; summon |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| concieō, -ēre, -cīvī, -citus | bring together, gather; stir up |
| avidus, -a, -um | eager, greedy (for: gen.) |
| Gallicus, -a, -um | Gallic, of Gaul |
| orbis, -is, m. | circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| moenia, -ium, n. plur. | walls |
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.