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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.15

Plunder and the chronology of events

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Liv. 21.15.1Captum oppidum est cum ingentī praedā.The town was taken with an immense amount of plunder. Liv. 21.15.1Quamquam plēraque ab dominīs dē industriā corrupta erant, et in caedibus vix ūllum discrīmen aetātis īra fēcerat, et captīvī mīlitum praeda fuerant, tamen et ex pretiō rērum vēnditārum aliquantum pecūniae redāctum esse cōnstat et multam pretiōsam supellectilem vestemque missam Carthāginem.Although most things had been deliberately destroyed by their owners, and anger had made hardly any distinction of age in the killing, and the captives had been the soldiers' booty, nevertheless it is agreed both that a considerable sum of money was raised from the price of goods sold and that much costly furniture and clothing was sent to Carthage. Liv. 21.15.3Octāvō mēnse quam coeptum oppugnārī, captum Saguntum quīdam scrīpsēre;Some have written that Saguntum was captured in the eighth month after the siege began; Liv. 21.15.3inde Carthāginem Novam in hīberna Hannibalem concessisse;that Hannibal then withdrew to New Carthage into winter quarters; Liv. 21.15.3quīntō deinde mēnse, quam ab Carthāgine profectus sit, in Ītaliam pervēnisse.and that in the fifth month after setting out from Carthage he reached Italy. Liv. 21.15.4Quae sī ita sunt fierī nōn potuit, ut P. Cornēlius Ti. Semprōnius cōnsulēs fuerint, ad quōs et prīncipiō oppugnātiōnis lēgātī Saguntīnī missī sint et quī in suō magistrātū cum Hannibale, alter ad Ticīnum amnem, ambō aliquantō post ad Trebiam, pugnāverint.If this is so, it cannot have been the case that Publius Cornelius and Tiberius Sempronius were the consuls to whom the Saguntine envoys were sent at the beginning of the siege, and who in their year of office fought with Hannibal, one at the river Ticinus, both somewhat later at the Trebia.

Liv. 21.15.5Aut omnia breviōra aliquantō fuēre aut Saguntum prīncipiō annī, quō P. Cornēlius Ti. Semprōnius cōnsulēs fuērunt, nōn coeptum oppugnārī est, sed captum.Either everything took somewhat less time, or Saguntum was not first attacked but captured at the beginning of the year in which Publius Cornelius and Tiberius Sempronius were consuls. Liv. 21.15.6Nam excessisse pugna ad Trebiam in annum Cn. Servīlī et C. Flāminī nōn potest, quia C. Flāminius Arīminī cōnsulātum iniit, creātus ā Ti. Semprōniō cōnsule, quī post pugnam ad Trebiam ad creandōs cōnsulēs Rōmam cum vēnisset, comitiīs perfectīs ad exercitum in hīberna rediit.For the battle at the Trebia cannot have fallen as late as the year of Gnaeus Servilius and Gaius Flaminius, because Gaius Flaminius entered his consulship at Ariminum, having been elected under the presidency of the consul Tiberius Sempronius, who, after coming to Rome following the battle at the Trebia to hold the consular elections, returned to the army in winter quarters once the elections were over.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (93 words)
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
oppidum, -ī, n.town
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cum, prep, with abl.with
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
quamquam, conj.however much, although
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
ūllus, -a, -umany
discrīmen, -crīminis, n.crisis, peril, danger
aetās, -tātis, f.age
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
pretiōsus, -a, -umcostly, precious
supellex, -lectilis f.household furniture, equipment, utensils
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
que, enclitic conj.and
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
octāvus, -a, -umeighth
mēnsis, -is m.month
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
inde (adv.)from there; then
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
deinde, adv.then, next
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sī, conj.if
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
oppugnātiō, -ōnis f.siege, assault on a town
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
Saguntīnus, -a, -umof Saguntum, Saguntine; (m. pl. as noun) the Saguntines
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
amnis, -is m.river
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
omnis, -eall, every
brevis, -eshort
annus, -ī, m.year
sed, conj.but
nam, conj.for
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
quia (conj.)because
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.