LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 21 › Ab Urbe Condita 21.17

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.17

Rome declares war and divides forces

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 21.17.1Nōminātae iam anteā cōnsulibus prōvinciae erant;The provinces had already been named for the consuls earlier; Liv. 21.17.1tum sortīrī iussī.then they were ordered to draw lots. Liv. 21.17.1Cornēliō Hispānia, Semprōniō Āfrica cum Siciliā ēvēnit.Spain fell to Cornelius, Africa together with Sicily to Sempronius. Liv. 21.17.2Sex in eum annum dēcrētae legiōnēs et socium quantum ipsīs vidērētur et classis quanta parārī posset.Six legions were decreed for that year, and as many allies as the consuls themselves thought fit, and as large a fleet as could be made ready. Liv. 21.17.3Quattuor et vīgintī peditum Rōmānōrum mīlia scrīpta et mīlle octingentī equitēs, sociōrum quadrāgintā mīlia peditum, quattuor mīlia et quadringentī equitēs;Twenty-four thousand Roman infantry were enrolled and eighteen hundred cavalry, forty thousand allied infantry and four thousand four hundred cavalry; Liv. 21.17.3nāvēs ducentae vīgintī quīnquerēmēs, celōcēs vīgintī dēductī.two hundred and twenty quinqueremes and twenty light vessels were launched. Liv. 21.17.4Lātum inde ad populum, vellent iubērent populō Carthāginiēnsī bellum indīcī;Then the question was put to the people whether they wished and ordered that war be declared on the Carthaginian people; Liv. 21.17.4eiusque bellī causā supplicātiō per urbem habita atque adōrātī Diī, ut bene ac fēlīciter ēvenīret quod bellum populus Rōmānus iussisset.and for the sake of that war a supplication was held throughout the city and the gods were entreated, that the war which the Roman people had ordered might turn out well and happily.

Liv. 21.17.4Inter cōnsulēs ita cōpiae dīvīsae: Semprōniō datae legiōnēs duae — ea quaterna mīlia erant peditum et trecēnī equitēs — et sociōrum sēdecim mīlia peditum, equitēs mīlle octingentī, nāvēs longae centum sexāgintā, celōcēs duodecim.The forces were divided between the consuls as follows: to Sempronius were given two legions — these numbered four thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry each — and sixteen thousand allied infantry, eighteen hundred cavalry, a hundred and sixty warships and twelve light vessels. Liv. 21.17.6Cum hīs terrestribus maritimīsque cōpiīs Ti. Semprōnius missus in Siciliam, ita in Āfricam trānsmissūrus, sī ad arcendum Ītaliā Poenum cōnsul alter satis esset.With these land and sea forces Tiberius Sempronius was sent to Sicily, intending to cross to Africa provided that the other consul was enough to keep the Carthaginian out of Italy. Liv. 21.17.7Cornēliō minus cōpiārum datum, quia L. Mānlius praetor et ipse cum haud invalidō praesidiō in Galliam mittēbātur;Cornelius was given fewer forces, because Lucius Manlius the praetor was also being sent to Gaul with a garrison of considerable strength; Liv. 21.17.8nāvium maximē Cornēliō numerus dēminūtus: sexāgintā quīnquerēmēs datae — neque enim marī ventūrum aut eā parte bellī dīmicātūrum hostem crēdēbant — et duae Rōmānae legiōnēs cum suō iūstō equitātū et quattuordecim mīlibus sociōrum peditum, equitibus mīlle sescentīs.it was above all in the number of ships that Cornelius' share was reduced: sixty quinqueremes were given to him — for they did not believe that the enemy would come by sea or fight in that sphere of the war — and two Roman legions with their regular cavalry, and fourteen thousand allied infantry and sixteen hundred cavalry.

Liv. 21.17.9Duās legiōnēs Rōmānās et decem mīlia sociōrum peditum, mīlle equitēs sociōs, sescentōs Rōmānōs Galliā prōvinciā eōdem versā in Pūnicum bellum habuit.The province of Gaul, likewise turned towards the Punic war, held two Roman legions and ten thousand allied infantry, a thousand allied cavalry and six hundred Roman.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (110 words)
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
iam, adv.now, already
anteā, adv.before
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tum, adv.then, at that time
sortior, -īrī, -ītuscast or draw lots
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cum, prep, with abl.with
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
sex (indecl.)six
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
annus, -ī, m.year
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
classis, -is f.fleet
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
octingentī, -ae, -aeight hundred
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
quadringentī, -ae, -afour hundred
nāvis, -is, f.ship
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
quīnquerēmis, -is f.a quinquereme, a warship with five banks of oars
celōx, -ōcis f./m.fast light vessel, cutter
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
inde (adv.)from there; then
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
populus, -ī m.people, nation
volō, velle, voluīwish
Carthāginiēnsis, -eCarthaginian
bellum, -ī, n.war
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
que, enclitic conj.and
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
supplicātiō, -ōnis f.public thanksgiving (to the gods)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
urbs, urbis, f.city
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
adōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusworship, bow down to; entreat
deus, -ī, m.god
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
bene, adv.well; successfully
fēlīciter, adv.happily, fortunately, successfully
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
quaternī, -ae, -afour each, four at a time
trecēnī, -ae, -athree hundred each, three hundred at a time
sēdecim (indecl.)sixteen
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
sexāgintā (indecl.)sixty
duodecim, indecl. adj.twelve
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
terrestris, -eof the land, on land
maritimus, -a, -umof the sea, coastal
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
sī, conj.if
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
minus, comp. adv.less
quia (conj.)because
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
invalidus, -a, -umweak, infirm
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
numerus, -ī, m.number
dēminuō, -ere, -minuī, -minūtumlessen, reduce
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
mare, maris, n.sea
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iūstus, -a, -umjust
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
quattuordecim (indecl.)fourteen
sescentī, -ae, -asix hundred
decem, indecl. adj.ten
eōdemto the same place
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
Pūnicus, -a, -umPunic, Carthaginian; bella Pūnica: the wars with Carthage
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.