| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsus | pour around; (passive) crowd around, surround |
| paulātim (adv.) | little by little, gradually |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtus | mix together, mingle |
| senātus, -ūs m. | senate |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| repente (adv.) | suddenly |
| prīmōrēs, -um m. pl. | the leading men, the front rank |
| sēcessiō, -ōnis f. | withdrawal, secession (of the plebs from Rome) |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| priusquam, conj. | before than, sooner than, before |
| respōnsum, -ī, n. | reply, answer, response |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| argentum, -ī, n. | silver |
| aurum, -ī, n. | gold |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| prīvātus, -a, -um | private |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| forum, -ī n. | market place, public square |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| ignis, -is, m. | fire |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| raptim, adv. | hurriedly, in haste |
| coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw together; throw, cast, hurl |
| eōdem | to the same place |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | throw headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself |
| pavor, -ōris, m. | terror, panic |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| trepidātiō, -ōnis f. | alarm, agitation |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| pervādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus | make one's way through or into; spread through, pervade |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| īnsuper (adv.) | above, on top; besides |
| tumultus, -ūs m. | uproar, uprising |
| arx, arcis f. | citadel, stronghold |
| turris, -is f. | tower; siege tower |
| diū, adv. | for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp |
| quassō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | shake, batter |
| prōcidō, -ere, -cidī | fall down, fall forward (before someone) |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| ruīna, -ae f. | fall, collapse, ruin |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| imperātor, -ōris, m. | commander, general |
| nūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | strip, leave bare |
| statiō, -ōnis f. | outpost, picket |
| custōdia, -ae f. | guard, protection |
| solitus, -a, -um | usual, customary, accustomed |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sum | delay, hesitate |
| tālis, -e | such |
| occāsiō, -ōnis, f. | chance, opportunity |
| reor, rērī, ratus sum | think, suppose, reckon |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| aggredior, -ī, aggressus sum | attack |
| mōmentum, -ī n. | weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| pūber (pūbēs), -eris | grown up, adult; pūberēs annī: the age of manhood |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| imperium, -ī, n. | command; sway, rule |
| crūdēlis, -e | cruel |
| cēterum (adv.) | but, however; for the rest |
| prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) | near, nearly |
| necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m. | necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| ēventus, -ūs m. | outcome, result |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| enim, conj. | for |
| parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrus | spare, show mercy to (+ dat.) |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsus | shut up in, inclose, imprison |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f. | spouse, husband, wife |
| līberī, -ōrum, m. plur. | children |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.) | over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning |
| concremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | burn up, burn completely |
| armātus, -a, -um | armed |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| pugna, -ae, f. | fighting, battle, combat |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| morior, morī, mortuus | die |