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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.64

Quinctius' ruse at night

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Liv. 2.64.1Extrēmō annō pācis aliquid fuit, sed, ut semper aliās, sollicitae pācis certāmine patrum et plēbis.At the end of the year there was some peace, but, as always at other times, a troubled peace because of the struggle between senators and plebs. Liv. 2.64.1Īrāta plēbs interesse cōnsulāribus comitiīs nōluit;The plebs, angry, refused to take part in the consular elections; Liv. 2.64.2per patrēs clientēsque patrum cōnsulēs creātī T. Quīnctius Q. Servīlius.through the senators and the senators' clients Titus Quinctius and Quintus Servilius were elected consuls. Liv. 2.64.2Similem annum priōrī cōnsulēs habent, sēditiōsa initia, bellō deinde externō tranquilla.The consuls have a year like the previous one, with a seditious beginning and then calm because of foreign war. Liv. 2.64.3Sabīnī Crustumīnōs campōs citātō agmine trānsgressī cum caedēs et incendia circum Aniēnem flūmen fēcissent, ā portā prope Collīnā moenibusque pulsī ingentēs tamen praedās hominum pecorumque ēgēre.The Sabines crossed the Crustumian plains in a hurried column, and after causing slaughter and burning around the river Anio, they were driven back from close to the Colline gate and the walls, but still drove off huge booty in men and cattle.

Liv. 2.64.4Quōs Servīlius cōnsul īnfestō exercitū īnsecūtus ipsum quidem agmen adipīscī aequīs locīs nōn potuit, populātiōnem adeō effūsē fēcit, ut nihil bellō intāctum relinqueret multiplicīque captā praedā redīret.The consul Servilius pursued them with an army ready for battle, and though he could not overtake their column itself on favourable ground, he carried out his raids so widely that he left nothing untouched by war and returned with many times as much booty taken. Liv. 2.64.5Et in Volscīs rēs pūblica ēgregiē gesta cum ducis tum mīlitum operā.Among the Volsci, too, the state's business was excellently conducted, through the efforts both of the general and of the soldiers. Liv. 2.64.5Prīmum aequō campō signīs conlātīs pugnātum ingentī caede utrimque, plūrimō sanguine.First they fought on level ground with standards joined, with huge slaughter on both sides and very great bloodshed. Liv. 2.64.6Et Rōmānī, quia paucitās damnō sentiendō propior erat, gradum rettulissent, nī salūbrī mendāciō cōnsul fugere hostēs ab cornū alterō clāmitāns concitāsset aciem.And the Romans, because their smaller numbers made them quicker to feel their losses, would have given ground, had not the consul roused the line with a timely lie, shouting that the enemy were fleeing on the other wing.

Liv. 2.64.6Impetū factō, dum sē putant vincere, vīcēre.They charged, and while they thought they were winning, they won. Liv. 2.64.7Cōnsul metuēns, nē nimis īnstandō renovāret certāmen, signum receptuī dedit.The consul, fearing that by pressing too hard he might renew the contest, gave the signal for retreat. Liv. 2.64.8Intercessēre paucī diēs, velut tacitīs indūtiīs utrimque quiēte sūmptā, per quōs ingēns vīs hominum ex omnibus Volscīs Aequīsque populīs in castra vēnit, haud dubitāns, sī sēnserint, Rōmānōs nocte abitūrōs.A few days intervened, with quiet kept on both sides as if by a tacit truce, during which a huge number of men from all the peoples of the Volsci and Aequi came into the camp, not doubting that the Romans, if they became aware of it, would leave by night. Liv. 2.64.9Itaque tertiā ferē vigiliā ad castra oppugnanda veniunt.And so at about the third watch they come to attack the camp. Liv. 2.64.10Quīnctius sēdātō tumultū, quem terror subitus excīverat, cum manēre in tentōriīs quiētum mīlitem iussisset, Hernicōrum cohortem in statiōnem ēdūcit, cornicinēs tubicinēsque in equōs inpositōs canere ante vallum iubet sollicitumque hostem ad lūcem tenēre.Quinctius, having calmed the uproar which the sudden alarm had stirred up, ordered the soldiers to stay quiet in their tents, led out a cohort of the Hernici to an outpost, and ordered the horn-blowers and trumpeters, mounted on horses, to sound before the rampart and to keep the enemy anxious until daylight.

Liv. 2.64.11Relicum noctis adeō tranquilla omnia in castrīs fuēre, ut somnī quoque Rōmānīs cōpia esset.For the rest of the night everything in the camp was so peaceful that the Romans even had the chance to sleep. Liv. 2.64.11Volscōs speciēs armātōrum peditum, quōs et plūrēs esse et Rōmānōs putābant, fremitus hinnītusque equōrum, quī et īnsuētō sedente equite et īnsuper aurēs agitante sonitū saeviēbant, intentōs velut ad impetum hostium tenuit.The Volsci were kept on the alert as if for an enemy attack by the sight of armed infantry, whom they believed to be both more numerous than they were and Romans, and by the snorting and neighing of the horses, which were restive both because of the unaccustomed riders sitting on them and because of the noise assailing their ears besides.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×7, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (188 words)
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
annus, -ī, m.year
pāx, pācis f.peace
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sed, conj.but
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
semper, adv.always
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
pater, patris, m.father
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
cliēns, -entis m.client, dependent
que, enclitic conj.and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sēditiōsus, -a, -umrebellious, stirring up trouble
initium, -ī, n.beginning
bellum, -ī, n.war
deinde, adv.then, next
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
Crustumīnus, -a, -umof Crustumerium; (ager) Crustumīnus: the land of Crustumerium
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
circum, prep. with acc.around
flūmen, -minis, n.river
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
Collīnus, -a, -umof the Quirinal hill; porta Collīna: the Colline Gate
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
homō, hominis, m.man
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
effūsē (adv.)far and wide, without restraint
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
intāctus, -a, -umuntouched, unharmed
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
multiplex, -icismanifold, many-sided
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ēgregiē, adv.excellently, splendidly, admirably
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
tum, adv.then, at that time
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quia (conj.)because
paucitās, -ātis f.small number, scarcity
damnum, -ī, n.harm, injury
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
salūbris, -ehealthy, wholesome
mendācium, -ī n.lie, falsehood
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
clāmitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall out
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
nimis (adv.)too much, too
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
receptus, -ūs m.retreat; place of retreat
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
intercēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumcome between, pass (of time)
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
veluteven or just as, as
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
indūtiae, -ārum f. pl.truce, armistice
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
omnis, -eall, every
populus, -ī m.people, nation
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
sī, conj.if
nox, noctis, f.night
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
tertius, -a, -umthird
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
subitus, -a, -umsudden
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
tentōrium, -ī n.tent
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
cornicen, -cinis m.horn-blower
tubicen, -cinis m.trumpeter
equus, -ī, m.horse
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
lūx, lūcis, f.light
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
quoque, adv.also
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
armātus, -a, -umarmed
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
hinnītus, -ūs m.neighing
īnsuētus, -a, -um (+ gen.)unused (to), unaccustomed
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
auris, -is, f.ear
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
sonitus, -ūs, m.sound, noise
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.