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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.6

Brutus and Arruns fall in battle

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Liv. 2.6.1Hīs, sīcut ācta erant, nūntiātīs incēnsus Tarquinius nōn dolōre sōlum tantae ad inritum cadentis speī sed etiam odiō īrāque, postquam dolō viam obsaeptam vīdit, bellum apertē mōliendum ratus circumīre supplex Etrūriae urbēs;When these things were reported as they had happened, Tarquinius, inflamed not only by grief at so great a hope coming to nothing but also by hatred and anger, seeing that the path of trickery was blocked, thought that war must be set in motion openly and went round the cities of Etruria as a suppliant; Liv. 2.6.2ōrāre māxumē Veientēs Tarquiniēnsēsque, nē sē ortum ē Tuscīs, eiusdem sanguinis, extorrem egentem ex tantō modo regnō cum līberīs adulēscentibus ante oculōs suōs perīre sinerent.above all he begged the Veientes and the Tarquinienses not to let him, who was sprung from the Etruscans and of the same blood, an exile and destitute, cast out of so great a kingdom only lately, perish before their eyes along with his young sons. Liv. 2.6.2Aliōs peregrē in regnum Rōmam accītōs, sē rēgem, augentem bellō Rōmānum imperium ā proximīs scelerātā coniūrātiōne pulsum.Others had been summoned from abroad to Rome to reign; he, the king, while he was enlarging the Roman empire by war, had been driven out by a criminal conspiracy of those closest to him.

Liv. 2.6.3Eōs inter sē, quia nēmō ūnus satis dignus regnō vīsus sit, partēs regnī rapuisse;They had seized parts of the kingdom among themselves, because no single man seemed worthy enough of the throne; Liv. 2.6.3bona sua dīripienda populō dedisse, nē quis expers sceleris esset.they had given his property to the people to plunder, so that no one should be free of the crime. Liv. 2.6.3Patriam sē regnumque suum repetere et persequī ingrātōs cīvēs velle.He wanted to recover his country and his kingdom and to punish his ungrateful citizens. Liv. 2.6.3Ferrent opem, adiuvārent;Let them bring help, let them support him; Liv. 2.6.3suās quoque veterēs iniūriās ultum īrent, totiēns caesās legiōnēs, agrum adēmptum.let them go and avenge their own old wrongs too, their legions so often slaughtered, their land taken away. Liv. 2.6.4Haec mōvērunt Veientēs, ac prō sē quisque Rōmānō saltem duce ignōminiās dēmendās bellōque āmissa repetenda mināciter fremunt.These words moved the Veientes, and each of them for himself roars menacingly that their disgraces must be wiped away and what was lost in war won back, under a Roman leader at least.

Liv. 2.6.4Tarquiniēnsēs nōmen ac cognātiō movet;The Tarquinienses are moved by the name and the kinship; Liv. 2.6.4pulchrum vidēbātur suōs Rōmae regnāre.it seemed a fine thing that their own people should reign at Rome. Liv. 2.6.5Ita duo duārum cīvitātium exercitūs ad repetendum regnum bellōque persequendōs Rōmānōs secūtī Tarquinium.So two armies of two states followed Tarquinius to recover the kingdom and to make war on the Romans. Liv. 2.6.5Postquam in agrum Rōmānum ventum est, obviam hostī cōnsulēs eunt: Valerius quadrātō agmine peditem dūcit;When they had reached Roman territory, the consuls go to meet the enemy: Valerius leads the infantry in square formation; Liv. 2.6.6Brūtus ad explōrandum cum equitātū antecessit.Brutus went ahead with the cavalry to reconnoitre. Liv. 2.6.6Eōdem modō prīmus eques hostium agminis fuit;In the same way the enemy's cavalry was at the head of their column; Liv. 2.6.6praeerat Arrūns Tarquinius, fīlius rēgis;Arruns Tarquinius, the king's son, was in command; Liv. 2.6.6rēx ipse cum legiōnibus sequēbātur.the king himself was following with the legions. Liv. 2.6.7Arrūns ubi ex līctōribus procul cōnsulem esse, deinde iam propius ac certius faciē quoque Brūtum cognōvit, īnflammātus īrā "ille est vir" inquit, "quī nōs extorrēs expulit patriā.When Arruns recognised from the lictors, at a distance, that it was a consul, and then, nearer and more clearly, by his face too that it was Brutus, blazing with anger he said, 'That is the man who drove us out of our country as exiles.

Liv. 2.6.7Ipse ēn ille nostrīs decorātus īnsignibus magnificē incēdit.Look, there he is himself, proudly advancing, decked in our insignia. Liv. 2.6.7Dī rēgum ultōrēs adeste."Gods, avengers of kings, stand by me.' Liv. 2.6.8Concitat calcāribus equum atque in ipsum īnfestum cōnsulem dērigit.He spurs on his horse and drives it straight at the consul himself. Liv. 2.6.8Sēnsit in sē īrī Brūtus.Brutus sensed that he was being attacked. Liv. 2.6.8Decōrum erat tum ipsīs capessere pugnam ducibus;It was then a mark of honour for the leaders themselves to join battle; Liv. 2.6.8avidē itaque sē certāminī offert, adeōque īnfestīs animīs concurrērunt, neuter, dum hostem vulnerāret, suī prōtegendī corporis memor, ut contrāriō ictū per parmam uterque trānsfīxus, duābus haerentēs hastīs moribundī ex equīs lapsī sint.so he eagerly offers himself for the fight, and they charged with such hostile spirit, neither thinking of protecting his own body so long as he could wound his enemy, that each, pierced through his shield by the other's blow, slid dying from his horse, held fast by the two spears. Liv. 2.6.10Simul et cētera equestris pugna coepit, neque ita multō post et peditēs superveniunt.At the same time the rest of the cavalry battle began as well, and not much later the infantry too arrive.

Liv. 2.6.10Ibi variā victōriā et velut aequō Mārte pugnātum est: dextera utrimque cornua vīcēre, laeva superāta.There they fought with shifting success and, as it were, on equal terms: the right wings won on both sides, the left were beaten. Liv. 2.6.11Veientēs, vincī ab Rōmānō mīlite adsuētī, fūsī fugātīque;The Veientes, used to being beaten by the Roman soldier, were routed and put to flight; Liv. 2.6.11Tarquiniēnsis, novus hostis, nōn stetit sōlum, sed etiam ab suā parte Rōmānum pepulit.the Tarquinienses, a new enemy, not only stood their ground but even drove back the Romans on their side.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×8, indirect statement ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (223 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sīcut (conj.)just as
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
nōn, adv.not
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
spēs, speī, f.hope
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
odium, -ī, n.hatred
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
que, enclitic conj.and
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
via, -ae, f.road, way
obsaepiō, -īre, -saepsī, -saeptusfence off, block, bar
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
bellum, -ī, n.war
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
supplex, -icisbegging, as a suppliant
urbs, urbis, f.city
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
extorris, -edriven from one's land, exiled
egēns, egentisneedy, poor
modo, adv.only
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
cum, prep, with abl.with
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
peregrē (adv.)abroad; peregrē proficīscī, go abroad
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
acciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussummon, send for
rēx, rēgis, m.king
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
scelerātus, -a, -umwicked, criminal
coniūrātiō, -ōnis f.conspiracy
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
quia (conj.)because
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
populus, -ī m.people, nation
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
expers, -pertishaving no share in, without (+ gen. or abl.)
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
ingrātus, -a, -umunwelcome, unpleasant; ungrateful
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
volō, velle, voluīwish
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
quoque, adv.also
vetus, veterisold, former
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
ager, agri, m.field, land
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
saltem (adv.)at least
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
dēmō, -ere, dēmpsī, dēmptustake away, remove
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
mināciter (adv.)threateningly
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
cognātiō, -ōnis f.kinship; clan, family group
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
quadrātus, -a, -umsquared, square; saxum quadrātum: dressed stone
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
antecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo before; surpass
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
fīlius, -ī, m.son
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
deinde, adv.then, next
iam, adv.now, already
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
īnflammō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset on fire; inflame, excite
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vir, virī, m.man
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōsplur. of ego
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
ēn (interj.)look! see! there!
noster, -tra, -trumour
decorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusadorn, distinguish
īnsigne, -is n.badge, mark, decoration
magnificē, adv.splendidly
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
deus, -ī, m.god
ultor, -ōris m.avenger
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
calcar, -āris n.spur
equus, -ī, m.horse
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
dērigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctumset in line, draw up; direct
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
tum, adv.then, at that time
capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītustake hold of; rem pūblicam capessere: go into public life
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
avidē (adv.)eagerly, greedily
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
prōtegō, -ere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover over, shield, protect
corpus, corporis, n.body
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
īctus, -ūs, m.blow
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
parma, -ae f.small round shield
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxusthrust or pierce through, transfix
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrusstick; hesitate
hasta, -ae f.spear
moribundus, -a, -umdying, at the point of death
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
superveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome up, arrive
ibi, adv.in that place, there
varius, -a, -umvarious
victōria, -ae, f.victory
veluteven or just as, as
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
dexter, -tra, -trumright
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
laevus, -a, -umleft; ad laevam (manum): on the left
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
Tarquiniēnsis, -eof Tarquinii, an Etruscan city
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.