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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.5

Brutus punishes his own sons

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Liv. 2.5.1Dē bonīs rēgiīs, quae reddī ante cēnsuerant, rēs integra refertur ad patrēs.The question of the royal property, which they had earlier voted to return, is referred to the senators afresh. Liv. 2.5.1Iī victī īrā vetuēre reddī, vetuēre in pūblicum redigī: dīripienda plēbī sunt data, ut contāctā rēgiā praedā spem in perpetuum cum iīs pācis āmitteret.Overcome by anger, they forbade it to be returned and forbade it to be taken into the public treasury: it was given to the commons to plunder, so that, once tainted by the royal spoil, they might lose for ever the hope of peace with the Tarquins. Liv. 2.5.2Ager Tarquiniōrum, quī inter urbem ac Tiberim fuit, cōnsecrātus Mārtī Mārtius deinde campus fuit.The land of the Tarquins, which lay between the city and the Tiber, was consecrated to Mars and afterwards became the Campus Martius. Liv. 2.5.3Forte ibi tum seges farris dīcitur fuisse mātūra messī.It happened, they say, that a crop of spelt was standing there at the time, ripe for harvest. Liv. 2.5.3Quem campī frūctum quia religiōsum erat cōnsūmere, dēsectam cum strāmentō segetem magna vīs hominum simul inmissī corbibus fūdēre in Tiberim tenuī fluentem aquā, ut mediīs calōribus solet.Because it was sacrilegious to consume the produce of this field, a great crowd of men sent in together cut the crop, straw and all, and tipped it in baskets into the Tiber, which was flowing with little water, as it usually does in the height of summer.

Liv. 2.5.4Ita in vadīs haesitantis frūmentī acervōs sēdisse inlitōs līmō;So the heaps of grain, sticking in the shallows, settled there, coated with mud; Liv. 2.5.4īnsulam inde paulātim et aliīs, quae fert temerē flūmen, eōdem invectīs factam.an island was then gradually formed, as other things that the river happens to bring down were carried to the same place. Liv. 2.5.4Posteā crēdō additās mōlēs manūque adiūtum, ut iam ēminēns ārea firmaque templīs quoque ac porticibus sustinendīs esset.Later, I believe, embankments were added and art lent its help, so that the ground, now standing high and firm, could even support temples and colonnades. Liv. 2.5.5Dīreptīs bonīs rēgum damnātī prōditōrēs sūmptumque supplicium, cōnspectius eō, quod poenae capiendae ministerium patrī dē līberīs cōnsulātūs inposuit, et, quī spectātor erat āmovendus, eum ipsum fortūna exāctōrem suppliciī dedit.When the property of the royal family had been plundered, the traitors were condemned and punishment was inflicted, all the more conspicuous because the consulship laid upon a father the duty of punishing his own children, and fortune made the very man who ought to have been kept from watching the one who carried out the penalty.

Liv. 2.5.6Stābant dēligātī ad pālum nōbilissimī iuvenēs;There stood the young men of the noblest birth, bound to the stake; Liv. 2.5.6sed ā cēterīs, velut ab ignōtīs capitibus, cōnsulis līberī omnium in sē āverterant oculōs, miserēbatque nōn poenae magis hominēs quam sceleris, quō poenam meritī essent: illōs eō potissimum annō patriam līberātam, patrem līberātōrem, cōnsulātum ortum ex domō Iūniā, patrēs, plēbem, quidquid deōrum hominumque Rōmānōrum esset, indūxisse in animum, ut superbō quondam rēgī, tum īnfestō exulī prōderent.but the consul's sons had drawn the eyes of all onto themselves and away from the rest, as if these were persons unknown, and people pitied them not so much for the punishment as for the crime by which they had deserved it: that in that year of all years they had brought themselves to betray their newly freed country, their father its liberator, the consulship born of the Junian house, the senators, the commons, all that was divine and human at Rome, to one once a proud king, now a hostile exile. Liv. 2.5.8Cōnsulēs in sēdem prōcessēre suam, missīque līctōrēs ad sūmendum supplicium.The consuls advanced to their seat, and the lictors were sent to inflict the punishment.

Liv. 2.5.8Nūdātōs virgīs caedunt sēcūrīque feriunt, cum inter omne tempus pater vultusque et ōs eius spectāculō esset ēminente animō patriō inter pūblicae poenae ministerium.They strip them, beat them with rods and strike them with the axe, while all the time the father, his expression and his face, offered a spectacle, a father's feelings showing plainly as he performed the office of public punishment. Liv. 2.5.9Secundum poenam nocentium, ut in utramque partem arcendīs sceleribus exemplum nōbile esset, praemium indicī pecūniā ex aerāriō, lībertās et cīvitās data.After the punishment of the guilty, so that there might be a notable example in both directions for checking crime, the informer was given a reward of money from the treasury, freedom and citizenship. Liv. 2.5.9Ille prīmum dīcitur vindictā līberātus.He is said to have been the first to be freed by the rod of manumission. Liv. 2.5.10Quīdam vindictae quoque nōmen trāctum ab illō putant;Some think that even the word vindicta comes from him; Liv. 2.5.10Vindiciō ipsī nōmen fuisse.his name, they say, was Vindicius. Liv. 2.5.10Post illum observātum, ut, quī ita līberātī essent, in cīvitātem acceptī vidērentur.After him it became the rule that those freed in this way were regarded as admitted to citizenship.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, purpose clauses ×4, ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (198 words)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pater, patris, m.father
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
spēs, speī, f.hope
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
cum, prep, with abl.with
pāx, pācis f.peace
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
ager, agri, m.field, land
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
urbs, urbis, f.city
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
cōnsecrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake sacred, consecrate
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
deinde, adv.then, next
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
ibi, adv.in that place, there
tum, adv.then, at that time
seges, -etis f.field of grain, standing crop
fār, farris, n.grain; meal
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
mātūrus, -a, -umripe
messis, -is f.harvest, harvest time
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
quia (conj.)because
religiōsus, -a, -umdevout, scrupulous in religion
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
dēsecō, -āre, -secuī, -sectuscut off
strāmentum, -ī n.straw, thatch
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
homō, hominis, m.man
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
corbis, -is m. and f.wicker basket
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
tenuis, -ethin
fluō, -ere, flūxīflow
aqua, -ae, f.water
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
calor, -ōris, m.heat
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
vadum, -ī n.ford, shallow place
haesitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushesitate
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
acervus, -ī m.heap, pile
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
illinō, -ere, -lēvī, -litussmear over, coat
līmus, -ī, m.mud
īnsula, -ae, f.island
inde (adv.)from there; then
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
temerē, adv.rashly
flūmen, -minis, n.river
eōdemto the same place
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
manus, -ūs, f.hand
que, enclitic conj.and
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
iam, adv.now, already
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
ārea, -ae f.open space, site, building plot
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
quoque, adv.also
porticus, -ūs f.colonnade, covered walk
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
rēx, rēgis, m.king
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
prōditor, -ōris m.traitor
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
quod, conj.that, in that, because
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ministerium, -ī n.service, office, duty
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
spectātor, -ōris, m.looker-on, spectator
āmoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove away
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
exāctor, -ōris m.collector (of taxes or debts)
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
dēligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtie, fasten, moor
pālus, -ī, m.stake
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
sed, conj.but
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
veluteven or just as, as
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
caput, capitis, n.head
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
omnis, -eall, every
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
oculus, -ī, m.eye
misereō, -ēre, -uī, -ituspity; (impers.) miseret mē: I feel sorry for
nōn, adv.not
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
annus, -ī, m.year
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
līberātor, -ōris m.liberator, deliverer
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
deus, -ī, m.god
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
nūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, leave bare
virga, -ae f.rod, stick, staff
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
feriō, -īrestrike, hit
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
secundum (prep. + acc.)after, besides; along
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
praemium, -ī, n.reward
index, -icis m. and f.informer; sign, indication
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
aerārium, -ī n.treasury (the state treasury in the temple of Saturn)
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
vindicta, -ae f.vengeance, revenge
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.