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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.54

The murder of Genucius

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Liv. 2.54.1L. Fūrius inde et C. Mānlius cōnsulēs.Next Lucius Furius and Gaius Manlius were consuls. Liv. 2.54.1Mānliō Veientēs prōvincia ēvēnit.Manlius drew the Veientes as his province. Liv. 2.54.1Nōn tamen bellātum;Yet there was no war; Liv. 2.54.1indūtiae in annōs quadrāgintā petentibus datae frūmentō stīpendiōque imperātō.at their request a truce for forty years was granted, with grain and pay for the troops demanded of them. Liv. 2.54.2Pācī externae cōnfestim continuātur discordia domī.Peace abroad is at once followed by discord at home. Liv. 2.54.2Agrāriae lēgis tribūniciīs stimulīs plēbs furēbat.The plebs were raging under the tribunes' goading over the agrarian law. Liv. 2.54.2Cōnsulēs, nihil Menēnī damnātiōne, nihil perīculō dēterritī Servīliī, summā vī resistunt.The consuls, deterred not at all by the condemnation of Menenius, not at all by the danger of Servilius, resist with all their might. Liv. 2.54.2Abeuntēs magistrātū Cn. Genucius tribūnus plēbis arripuit.As they left office, Gnaeus Genucius, tribune of the plebs, seized upon them. Liv. 2.54.2L. Aemilius et Opiter Verginius cōnsulātum ineunt;Lucius Aemilius and Opiter Verginius enter upon the consulship; Liv. 2.54.3Vopiscum Iūlium prō Verginiō in quibusdam annālibus cōnsulem inveniō.in some annals I find Vopiscus Julius as consul instead of Verginius.

Liv. 2.54.3Hōc annō — quōscumque cōnsulēs habuit — reī ad populum Fūrius et Mānlius circumeunt sordidātī nōn plēbem magis quam iūniōrēs patrum.This year — whatever consuls it had — Furius and Manlius, as defendants before the people, go about in mourning dress, appealing not so much to the plebs as to the younger patricians. Liv. 2.54.3Suādent, monent, honōribus et administrātiōne reī pūblicae abstineant;They urge and warn them to keep away from offices and the administration of the state; Liv. 2.54.4cōnsulārēs vērō fascēs, praetextam curūlemque sellam nihil aliud quam pompam fūneris putent;they should regard the consular fasces, the purple-bordered toga and the curule chair as nothing else than the pomp of a funeral; Liv. 2.54.5clārīs īnsignibus velut īnfulīs vēlātōs ad mortem dēstinārī.decked with these brilliant insignia as with the fillets of sacrificial victims, men were marked out for death. Liv. 2.54.5Quod sī cōnsulātūs tanta dulcēdō sit, iam nunc ita in animum indūcant, cōnsulātum captum et oppressum ab tribūniciā potestāte esse;But if the consulship held such charm, let them now make up their minds that the consulship had been captured and crushed by the tribunician power; Liv. 2.54.6cōnsulī, velut appāritōrī tribūniciō, omnia ad nūtum imperiumque tribūnī agenda esse;the consul, like a tribune's attendant, had to do everything at the tribune's nod and command; Liv. 2.54.6sī sē commōverit, sī respexerit patrēs, sī aliud quam plēbem esse in rē pūblicā crēdiderit, exilium Cn. Mārcī, Menēnī damnātiōnem et mortem sibi prōpōnat ante oculōs.if he stirred, if he paid regard to the senators, if he believed there was anything in the state besides the plebs, let him set before his eyes the exile of Gnaeus Marcius and the condemnation and death of Menenius.

Liv. 2.54.7Hīs accēnsī vōcibus patrēs cōnsilia inde nōn pūblica, sed in prīvātō sēductaque ā plūrium cōnscientiā habuēre.Fired by these words, the senators thereafter held their deliberations not in public but in private, withdrawn from the knowledge of the many. Liv. 2.54.7Ubi cum id modo cōnstāret, iūre an iniūriā ēripiendōs esse reōs, atrōcissima quaeque maximē placēbat sententia, nec auctor quamvīs audācī facinorī deerat erat.There, since only this was agreed, that the defendants must be rescued, by right or by wrong, the most savage proposal was the one most approved, and there was no lack of a sponsor for a deed however audacious. Liv. 2.54.8Igitur iūdiciī diē, cum plēbs in forō ērēctā expectātiōne stāret, mīrārī prīmō, quod nōn dēscenderet tribūnus;So on the day of the trial, when the plebs stood in the Forum in eager expectation, they at first wondered why the tribune did not come down; Liv. 2.54.8Dein, cum iam mora suspectior fieret, dēterritum ā prīmōribus crēdere et dēsertam ac prōditam causam pūblicam querī;then, as the delay was now becoming more suspicious, they believed he had been frightened off by the leading men and complained that the public cause had been deserted and betrayed; Liv. 2.54.9tandem, quī obversātī vestibulō tribūnī fuerant, nūntiant domī mortuum esse inventum.at last, those who had been waiting at the tribune's vestibule report that he has been found dead at home.

Liv. 2.54.9Quod ubi in tōtam contiōnem pertulit rūmor, sīcut aciēs funditur duce occīsō, ita dīlāpsī passim aliī aliō.When rumour carried this to the whole assembly, just as a battle line is routed when its leader is slain, so they slipped away in every direction, one here, one there. Liv. 2.54.9Praecipuus pavor tribūnōs invāserat, quam nihil auxiliī sacrātae lēgēs habērent, morte collēgae monitōs.Especial panic had seized the tribunes, warned by their colleague's death how little help the sacred laws gave. Liv. 2.54.9Nec patrēs satis moderātē ferre laetitiam;Nor did the senators bear their joy with enough restraint; Liv. 2.54.10adeōque nēminem noxiae paenitēbat, ut etiam īnsontēs fēcisse vidērī vellent, palamque ferrētur malō domandam tribūniciam potestātem.and so far was anyone from repenting of the crime, that even the innocent wished to be thought to have done it, and it was openly said that the tribunician power must be tamed by violence.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (198 words)
inde (adv.)from there; then
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
nōn, adv.not
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
indūtiae, -ārum f. pl.truce, armistice
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
annus, -ī, m.year
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
que, enclitic conj.and
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
pāx, pācis f.peace
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
continuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusjoin together, make continuous; join one house to another
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
agrārius, -a, -umof land; as noun agrāriī, -ōrum m. pl., supporters of land reform
lēx, lēgis f.law
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
stimulus, -ī m.goad; in Caesar an iron spike set in the ground
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
furō, -ererage, rave, be mad
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
damnātiō, -ōnis f.condemnation
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
annālēs, -ium m. pl.annals, a year-by-year record; chronicle
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
populus, -ī m.people, nation
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
sordidātus, -a, -umin shabby clothes, dressed in mourning (as a defendant seeking sympathy)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
pater, patris, m.father
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
honor, -ōris, m.honor
administrātiō, -ōnis f.management, use; working, operation
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
fascis, -is m.bundle; pl. fascēs: the rods and axe carried before a magistrate
praetexta, -ae f.the purple-bordered toga worn by boys (and magistrates); in praetextā: as a boy
curūlis, -ecurule; sella curūlis: the folding ivory chair of the higher magistrates
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
pompa, -ae f.procession, parade
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
īnsigne, -is n.badge, mark, decoration
veluteven or just as, as
īnfula, -ae f.a priest's woollen headband, fillet
vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusveil, cover
mors, mortīs, f.death
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sī, conj.if
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
dulcēdō, -inis, f.sweetness
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
iam, adv.now, already
nunc, adv.now
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
appāritor, -ōris m.attendant of a magistrate
omnis, -eall, every
nūtus, -ūs m.nod; will, command
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
sed, conj.but
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
sēdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductuslead astray, deceive
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
modo, adv.only
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
an, conj.or (in questions)
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
audāx, -ācisbold, daring, reckless
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
igitur, conj.therefore
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
exspectātiō, -ōnis f.waiting, expectation
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
prīmō, adv.at first
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
deinde, adv.then, next
mora, -ae, f.delay
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
obversor, -ārī, -ātus sumhover before (the eyes or mind)
vestibulum, -ī n.forecourt, entrance hall
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
mortuus, -a, -umdead
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
sīcut (conj.)just as
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
dīlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip away, melt away, scatter
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
aliō (adv.)to another place, elsewhere
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsecrate, dedicate
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
moderātē (adv.)with restraint, moderately; (comp.) moderātius
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
laetitia, -ae, f.joy
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
noxia, -ae f.offense, crime
paenitet, -ēre, -uit (impers.)it repents, it grieves (paenitet mē: I regret, I am sorry)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
īnsōns, -sontisinnocent, guiltless
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
volō, velle, voluīwish
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.