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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.53

Victories over Veii and the Sabines

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Liv. 2.53.1Certāmina domī fīnīta;The contests at home were over; Liv. 2.53.1Vēiēns bellum exortum, quibus Sabīnī arma coniūnxerant.a war with Veii arose, and the Sabines had joined their arms with them. Liv. 2.53.1P. Valerius cōnsul accītīs Latīnōrum Hernicōrumque auxiliīs cum exercitū Vēiōs missus castra Sabīna, quae prō moenibus sociōrum locāta erant, cōnfestim adgreditur tantamque trepidātiōnem iniēcit, ut, dum dispersī aliī alia manipulātim excurrunt ad arcendam hostium vim, ea porta, cui signa prīmum intulerat, caperētur.The consul Publius Valerius, having summoned auxiliaries from the Latins and Hernici, was sent with an army to Veii and at once attacked the Sabine camp, which had been placed before the walls of their allies, and caused such panic that, while they ran out in scattered groups, some one way, some another, to ward off the enemy's attack, the gate against which he had first advanced was taken. Liv. 2.53.2Intrā vallum deinde caedēs magis quam proelium esse.Then within the rampart there was slaughter rather than battle. Liv. 2.53.2Tumultus ē castrīs et in urbem penetrat;The uproar from the camp penetrates into the city as well; Liv. 2.53.2tamquam Vēīs captīs, ita pavidī Veientēs ad arma currunt.the Veientes run to arms in as great a panic as if Veii had been captured.

Liv. 2.53.2Pars Sabīnīs eunt subsidiō, pars Rōmānōs tōtō impetū intentōs in castra adoriuntur.Some go to the help of the Sabines, others attack the Romans, intent with all their force on the camp. Liv. 2.53.3Paulisper āversī turbātīque sunt;For a little while the Romans were turned and thrown into confusion; Liv. 2.53.3deinde et ipsī utrōque versīs signīs resistunt, et eques ab cōnsule inmissus Tuscōs fundit fugatque;then they too faced both ways and resisted, and the cavalry sent in by the consul routs and puts the Tuscans to flight; Liv. 2.53.3eādemque hōrā duo exercitūs, duae potentissimae et maximae fīnitimae gentēs superātae sunt.and in the same hour two armies, two of the most powerful and greatest neighbouring peoples, were overcome. Liv. 2.53.4Dum haec ad Vēiōs geruntur, Volscī Aequīque in Latīnō agrō posuerant castra populātīque fīnēs erant.While this was happening at Veii, the Volsci and Aequi had pitched camp in Latin territory and laid waste the country. Liv. 2.53.4Eōs per sē ipsī Latīnī adsūmptīs Hernicīs sine Rōmānō aut duce aut auxiliō castrīs exuērunt;The Latins by themselves, taking the Hernici as allies, without either a Roman general or Roman help, drove them out of their camp; Liv. 2.53.5ingentī praedā praeter suās reciperātās rēs potītī sunt.besides recovering their own property, they gained enormous booty.

Liv. 2.53.5Missus tamen ab Rōmā cōnsul in Volscōs C. Nautius;Nevertheless the consul Gaius Nautius was sent from Rome against the Volsci; Liv. 2.53.5mōs, crēdō, nōn placēbat sine Rōmānō duce exercitūque sociōs propriīs vīribus cōnsiliīsque bella gerere.it was not liked, I suppose, that allies should get into the habit of waging wars with their own forces and strategy, without a Roman general and army. Liv. 2.53.6Nūllum genus calamitātis contumēliaeque nōn ēditum in Volscōs est, nec tamen perpellī potuēre, ut aciē dīmicārent.There was no kind of disaster and humiliation not inflicted upon the Volsci, and yet they could not be driven to fight a pitched battle.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (127 words)
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusbound, limit; end
Vēiēns, -entisof Veii, the Etruscan city; (m. pl.) the Veientes
bellum, -ī, n.war
exorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise from, spring up, rise
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
acciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussummon, send for
que, enclitic conj.and
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cum, prep, with abl.with
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
manipulātim (adv.)by maniples, company by company
excurrō, -ere, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursumrun out, make a sally
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
intrā, prep. with acc.within
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
deinde, adv.then, next
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
penetrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake one's way into, penetrate, reach
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
currō, currere, cucurrī, cursusrun
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
paulisper (adv.)for a short time
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
utrōque (adv.)to both places, in both directions
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
hōra, -ae, f.hour
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
potēns, -entispowerful
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
ager, agri, m.field, land
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
assūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up, receive; take to oneself
sine, prep. with abl.without
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
reciperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusget back, recover
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
nōn, adv.not
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
perpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive, push; prevail upon, induce
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.