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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.51

The Etruscans on the Janiculum

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Liv. 2.51.1Cum haec accepta clādēs est, iam C. Horātius et T. Menēnius cōnsulēs erant.When this disaster was suffered, Gaius Horatius and Titus Menenius were already consuls. Liv. 2.51.1Menēnius adversus Tuscōs victōriā ēlātōs cōnfestim missus.Menenius was at once sent against the Tuscans, who were elated by their victory. Liv. 2.51.2Tum quoque male pugnātum est, et Iāniculum hostēs occupāvēre;Then too the battle went badly, and the enemy occupied the Janiculum; Liv. 2.51.2obsessaque urbs foret super bellum annōnā premente — trānsierant enim Etrūscī Tiberim — , nī Horātius cōnsul | ex Volscīs esset revocātus.and the city would have been besieged, with the price of corn pressing on it on top of the war — for the Etruscans had crossed the Tiber — had not the consul Horatius been recalled from the Volsci. Liv. 2.51.2Adeōque id bellum ipsīs īnstitit moenibus, ut prīmō pugnātum ad Speī sit aequō Mārte, iterum ad portam Collīnam.And that war came so close to the very walls that the first battle, with even fortune, was fought by the temple of Hope, the second at the Colline gate. Liv. 2.51.3Ibi quamquam parvō mōmentō superior Rōmāna rēs fuit, meliōrem tamen mīlitem receptō prīstinō animō in futūra proelia id certāmen fēcit.There, although the Romans had the better of it by only a slight margin, that contest nonetheless made them better soldiers for future battles, by restoring their old spirit.

Liv. 2.51.3A. Verginius et Sp. Servīlius cōnsulēs fīunt.Aulus Verginius and Spurius Servilius become consuls. Liv. 2.51.4Post acceptam proximā pugnā clādem Veientēs abstinuēre aciē;After the defeat suffered in the last battle the Veientes refrained from pitched battle; Liv. 2.51.4populātiōnēs erant, et velut ab arce Iāniculō passim in Rōmānum agrum impetūs dabant;there were raids, and from the Janiculum, as if from a citadel, they made attacks everywhere into Roman territory; Liv. 2.51.5nōn usquam pecora tūta, nōn agrestēs erant.nowhere were the cattle safe, nor the country folk. Liv. 2.51.5Captī deinde eādem arte sunt, quā cēperant Fabiōs.Then they were caught by the same trick by which they had caught the Fabii. Liv. 2.51.5Secūtī dēditā operā passim ad inlecebrās prōpulsa pecora praecipitāvēre in īnsidiās.Following cattle that had been deliberately driven out here and there as bait, they plunged headlong into an ambush. Liv. 2.51.6Quō plūrēs erant, maior caedēs fuit.The more numerous they were, the greater the slaughter. Liv. 2.51.6Ex hāc clāde atrōx īra maiōris clādis causa atque initium fuit.From this disaster fierce anger was the cause and beginning of a greater disaster. Liv. 2.51.6Trāiectō enim nocte Tiberī castra Servīlī cōnsulis adortī sunt oppugnāre.For crossing the Tiber by night they set about attacking the camp of the consul Servilius.

Liv. 2.51.6Inde fūsī magnā caede in Iāniculum sē aegrē recēpēre.Driven back from there with great slaughter, they retreated with difficulty to the Janiculum. Liv. 2.51.7Cōnfestim cōnsul et ipse trānsit Tiberim, castra sub Iāniculō commūnit.At once the consul himself also crosses the Tiber and fortifies a camp beneath the Janiculum. Liv. 2.51.7Posterō diē lūce ortā nōnnihil et hesternā fēlīcitāte pugnae ferōx, magis tamen quod inopia frūmentī quamvīs in praecipitia, dum celeriōra essent, agēbat cōnsilia, temerē adversō Iāniculō ad castra hostium aciem ērēxit foediusque inde pulsus, quam prīdiē pepulerat, interventū collēgae ipse exercitusque est servātus.At daybreak the next day, emboldened somewhat by the success of the previous day's battle, but more because the shortage of grain was driving him to plans, however headlong, provided they were quicker, he rashly led his line up the face of the Janiculum to the enemy camp, and was driven back from there more shamefully than he had driven them back the day before, and was saved, he and his army, by the intervention of his colleague. Liv. 2.51.9Inter duās aciēs Etrūscī, cum in vicem hīs atque illīs terga darent, occīdiōne occīsī.Caught between two lines, the Etruscans, turning their backs now to one, now to the other, were cut down to the last man.

Liv. 2.51.9Ita oppressum temeritāte fēlīcī Vēiēns bellum.Thus the war with Veii was crushed by a fortunate rashness.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (154 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
iam, adv.now, already
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
victōria, -ae, f.victory
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
tum, adv.then, at that time
quoque, adv.also
male, adv.badly, ill
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
que, enclitic conj.and
urbs, urbis, f.city
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
bellum, -ī, n.war
annōna, -ae f.the year's grain supply; the price of grain
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
enim, conj.for
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitīstand on
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prīmō, adv.at first
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
spēs, speī, f.hope
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
iterum, adv.again, a second time
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
Collīnus, -a, -umof the Quirinal hill; porta Collīna: the Colline Gate
ibi, adv.in that place, there
quamquam, conj.however much, although
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
bonus, -a, -umgood
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
prīstinus, -a, -umformer
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
veluteven or just as, as
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
ager, agri, m.field, land
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
nōn, adv.not
usquam (adv.)anywhere
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
deinde, adv.then, next
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ars, artis, f.art
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
Fabius, -a, -umof the Fabii, Fabian; Fabium nōmen: the Fabian name or clan
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
inlecebra, -ae f.enticement, lure, charm
prōpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsumdrive off, rout
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
initium, -ī, n.beginning
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
nox, noctis, f.night
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
inde (adv.)from there; then
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
lūx, lūcis, f.light
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
nōnnihilsomething, not a little
hesternus, -a, -umof yesterday, yesterday's,
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quod, conj.that, in that, because
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
celer, celeris, celereswift, quick
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
temerē, adv.rashly
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
foedē, adv.foully, shamefully, disgracefully
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prīdiē (adv.)the day before
interventus, -ūs m.coming on, intervention
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
tergum, -ī, n.back
occīdiō, -ōnis f.massacre, extermination; occīdiōne occīdere: wipe out utterly
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
Vēiēns, -entisof Veii, the Etruscan city; (m. pl.) the Veientes
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.