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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.46

The Fabii lead the charge

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Liv. 2.46.1Īnstruitur aciēs, nec Vēiēns hostis Etrūscaeque legiōnēs dētractant.The battle line is drawn up, and the Veientine enemy and the Etruscan legions do not decline battle. Liv. 2.46.1Prope certa spēs erat nōn magis sēcum pugnātūrōs, quam pugnāverint cum Aequīs;They had an almost sure hope that the Romans would fight with them no more than they had fought with the Aequi; Liv. 2.46.1maius quoque aliquod in tam inrītātīs animīs et occāsiōne ancipitī haud dēspērandum esse facinus.and that even some greater outrage was not to be despaired of, with tempers so provoked and the occasion so critical. Liv. 2.46.2Rēs aliter longē ēvēnit;The outcome was far otherwise; Liv. 2.46.2nam nōn aliō ante bellō īnfestior Rōmānus — adeō hinc contumēliīs hostēs, hinc cōnsulēs morā exacerbāverant — proelium iniit.for never in any earlier war had the Romans entered battle more fiercely — so greatly had the enemy on one side with their insults, the consuls on the other with their delay, exasperated them. Liv. 2.46.3Vix explicandī ōrdinēs spatium Etrūscīs fuit, cum pīlīs inter prīmam trepidātiōnem abiectīs temerē magis quam ēmissīs pugna iam in manūs, iam ad gladiōs, ubi Mārs est atrōcissimus, vēnerat.The Etruscans scarcely had room to deploy their ranks when, the javelins having been thrown away at random rather than aimed in the first confusion, the fight had already come to close quarters, to swords, where Mars is at his most savage.

Liv. 2.46.4Inter prīmōrēs genus Fabium īnsigne spectāculō exemplōque cīvibus erat.Among the foremost the Fabian clan was conspicuous, a spectacle and an example to their fellow citizens. Liv. 2.46.4Ex hīs Q. Fabium — tertiō hic annō ante cōnsul fuerat — prīncipem in cōnfertōs Veientēs euntem ferōx vīribus et armōrum arte Tuscus, incautum inter multās versantem hostium manūs, gladiō per pectus trānsfīgit;Of these, Quintus Fabius — he had been consul two years before — as he led the way against the massed Veientes, was run through the chest with a sword by a Tuscan proud of his strength and skill in arms, while he moved heedlessly among many bands of the enemy; Liv. 2.46.4tēlō extrāctō praeceps Fabius in vulnus cadit.when the weapon was pulled out, Fabius fell headlong upon his wound. Liv. 2.46.5Sēnsit utraque aciēs ūnīus virī cāsum, cēdēbatque inde Rōmānus, cum M. Fabius cōnsul trānsiluit iacentis corpus obiectāque parmā "hoc iūrāstis" inquit, "mīlitēs, fugientēs vōs in castra reditūrōs?Both lines felt the fall of this one man, and the Romans were beginning to give way, when the consul Marcus Fabius leapt over the body as it lay, held his shield before it and said: 'Is this what you swore, soldiers, that you would return to camp in flight?

Liv. 2.46.6Adeō ignāvissimōs hostīs magis timētis quam Iovem Mārtemque, per quōs iūrāstis?Do you fear the most cowardly of enemies so much more than Jupiter and Mars, by whom you swore? Liv. 2.46.6At ego iniūrātus aut victor revertar aut prope tē hīc, Q. Fabī, dīmicāns cadam."But I, who took no oath, will either return victorious or fall fighting here beside you, Quintus Fabius.' Liv. 2.46.6Cōnsulī tum K. Fabius, priōris annī cōnsul: "verbīsne istīs, frāter, ut pugnent, tē impetrātūrum crēdis?Then Kaeso Fabius, consul of the year before, said to the consul: 'Do you think, brother, that with those words you will get them to fight? Liv. 2.46.6Diī impetrābunt, per quōs iūrāvēre;The gods by whom they swore will get them to; Liv. 2.46.7et nōs, ut decet procerēs, ut Fabiō nōmine est dignum, pugnandō potius quam adhortandō accendāmus mīlitum animōs!"let us too, as befits nobles, as is worthy of the Fabian name, kindle the soldiers' spirits by fighting rather than by exhorting!' Liv. 2.46.7Sīc in prīmum īnfestīs hastīs prōvolant duo Fabiī tōtamque mōvērunt sēcum aciem.So the two Fabii fly forward to the front with levelled spears, and carried the whole line with them.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (154 words)
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
Vēiēns, -entisof Veii, the Etruscan city; (m. pl.) the Veientes
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
Etrūscus, -a, -umEtruscan
que, enclitic conj.and
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
dētrectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdecline, refuse, shirk
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
spēs, speī, f.hope
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōn, adv.not
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cum, prep, with abl.with
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quoque, adv.also
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tam, adv.so
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
anceps, ancipitistwo-sided, on two fronts; doubtful
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
longē, adv.far
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
nam, conj.for
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
bellum, -ī, n.war
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
mora, -ae, f.delay
exacerbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, exasperate, embitter
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
pīlum, -ī n.javelin (the Roman heavy spear)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
temerē, adv.rashly
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
iam, adv.now, already
manus, -ūs, f.hand
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
gladius, -ī, m.sword
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
Fabius, -a, -umof the Fabii, Fabian; Fabium nōmen: the Fabian name or clan
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
tertius, -a, -umthird
annus, -ī, m.year
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
cōnfertus, -a, -umcrowded, close-packed
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ars, artis, f.art
incautus, -a, -umoff one's guard, careless
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxusthrust or pierce through, transfix
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
vir, virī, m.man
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
inde (adv.)from there; then
trānsiliō, -īre, -uīleap over, jump across
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
corpus, corporis, n.body
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
parma, -ae f.small round shield
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
vōsplur. of tū
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
at, conj.but
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
iniūrātus, -a, -umnot under oath, unsworn
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
tum, adv.then, at that time
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
verbum, -ī, n.word
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
frāter, frātris, m.brother
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
deus, -ī, m.god
nōsplur. of ego
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
procerēs, -um m. pl.chiefs, leading men
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
potius (adv.)rather
adhortor, -ārī, -ātus sumencourage, urge on
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
sīc, adv.so, thus
hasta, -ae f.spear
prōvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdash out
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.