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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.43

Fabius and a mutinous army

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Liv. 2.43.1Q. Fabius inde et C. Iūlius cōnsulēs factī.Next Quintus Fabius and Gaius Julius were made consuls. Liv. 2.43.1Eō annō nōn segnior discordia domī et bellum forīs atrōcius fuit.That year the discord at home was no less intense, and the war abroad was fiercer. Liv. 2.43.1Ab Aequīs arma sūmpta;The Aequi took up arms; Liv. 2.43.1Veientēs agrum quoque Rōmānōrum populantēs iniērunt.the Veientes also entered Roman territory, laying it waste. Liv. 2.43.1Quōrum bellōrum crēscente cūrā K. Fabius et Sp. Fūrius cōnsulēs fīunt.As anxiety over these wars grew, Kaeso Fabius and Spurius Furius became consuls. Liv. 2.43.1Ortōnam, Latīnam urbem, Aequī oppugnābant;The Aequi were besieging Ortona, a Latin city; Liv. 2.43.2Veientēs plēnī iam populātiōnum Rōmam ipsam sē oppugnātūrōs minābantur.the Veientes, now glutted with plunder, were threatening that they would besiege Rome itself. Liv. 2.43.2Quī terrōrēs cum compescere dēbērent, auxēre īnsuper animōs plēbis;Though these terrors ought to have checked the spirits of the plebs, they actually raised them higher; Liv. 2.43.3redībatque nōn suā sponte plēbī mōs dētractandī mīlitiam, sed Sp. Licinius tribūnus plēbis, vēnisse tempus ratus per ultimam necessitātem lēgis agrāriae patribus iniungendae, suscēperat rem mīlitārem impediendam.and the plebs were returning to their habit of refusing military service, not of their own accord: Spurius Licinius, tribune of the plebs, believing that the time had come to force an agrarian law on the senators through the utmost necessity, had undertaken to obstruct the military levy.

Liv. 2.43.4Cēterum tōta invidia tribūniciae potestātis versa in auctōrem est, nec in eum cōnsulēs ācrius quam ipsīus collēgae coortī sunt, auxiliōque eōrum dīlēctum cōnsulēs habent.But all the odium of the tribunician power turned against its author, and the consuls attacked him no more fiercely than his own colleagues did, and with their help the consuls held the levy. Liv. 2.43.5Ad duo simul bella exercitus scrībitur;An army is enrolled for two wars at once; Liv. 2.43.5dūcendus Fabiō in Veientēs, in Aequōs Fūriō datur.Fabius is given one to lead against the Veientes, Furius one against the Aequi. Liv. 2.43.5Et in Aequīs quidem nihil dignum memoriā gestum est;Among the Aequi, indeed, nothing worth remembering was done; Liv. 2.43.6Fabiō aliquantō plūs negōtiī cum cīvibus quam cum hostibus fuit.Fabius had rather more trouble with his fellow citizens than with the enemy. Liv. 2.43.6Ūnus ille vir, ipse cōnsul, rem pūblicam sustinuit, quam exercitus odiō cōnsulis, quantum in sē fuit, prōdēbat.That one man, the consul himself, upheld the state, which the army, out of hatred for the consul, was betraying as far as lay in its power. Liv. 2.43.6Nam cum cōnsul praeter cēterās imperātōriās artēs, quās parandō gerendōque bellō ēdidit plūrimās, ita īnstrūxisset aciem, ut sōlō equitātū ēmissō exercitum hostium funderet, īnsequī fūsōs pedēs nōluit;For when the consul, besides the other skills of a general, which he displayed in abundance in preparing and conducting the war, had drawn up his line in such a way that by sending out the cavalry alone he routed the enemy army, the infantry refused to pursue the routed foe; Liv. 2.43.8nec illōs, etsī nōn adhortātiō invīsī ducis, suum saltem flāgitium et pūblicum in praesentiā dēdecus, postmodo perīculum, sī animus hostī redīsset, cōgere potuit gradum accelerāre aut, sī aliud nihil, stāre īnstrūctōs.nor could they be compelled, if not by the exhortation of a hated leader, then at least by their own disgrace and the public shame at that moment, and the danger afterwards if the enemy regained his courage, to quicken their pace or, if nothing else, to stand in formation.

Liv. 2.43.9Iniussū signa referunt maestīque — crēderēs victōs — , exsecrantēs nunc imperātōrem nunc nāvātam ab equite operam, redeunt in castra.Without orders they carry back the standards, and gloomily — you would have thought them beaten — cursing now their general, now the effort the cavalry had put forth, they return to camp. Liv. 2.43.10Nec huic tam pestilentī exemplō remedia ūlla ab imperātōre quaesīta sunt;Nor did the general seek any remedies for so pernicious an example; Liv. 2.43.10adeō excellentibus ingeniīs citius dēfuerit ars, quā cīvem regant, quam quā hostem superent.so true is it that men of outstanding gifts will sooner lack the art of ruling a citizen than that of conquering an enemy. Liv. 2.43.11Cōnsul Rōmam rediit nōn tam bellī glōriā auctā quam inrītātō exacerbātōque in sē mīlitum odiō.The consul returned to Rome not so much with his glory in war increased as with the soldiers' hatred of him provoked and embittered. Liv. 2.43.11Obtinuēre tamen patrēs, ut in Fabiā gente cōnsulātus manēret;The senators nevertheless managed to keep the consulship in the Fabian clan; Liv. 2.43.11M. Fabium cōnsulem creant, Fabiō collēga Cn. Mānlius datur.they elect Marcus Fabius consul, and Gnaeus Manlius is given to Fabius as colleague.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×6, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (183 words)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
inde (adv.)from there; then
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
annus, -ī, m.year
nōn, adv.not
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
bellum, -ī, n.war
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
ager, agri, m.field, land
quoque, adv.also
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
urbs, urbis, f.city
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
plēnus, -a, -umfull
iam, adv.now, already
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
minor, -ārī, -ātus sumthreaten (someone: dat.; with something: abl.)
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
compescō (conp-), -ere, -pescuīhold in check, restrain; quench (thirst)
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
que, enclitic conj.and
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
dētrectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdecline, refuse, shirk
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
sed, conj.but
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
lēx, lēgis f.law
agrārius, -a, -umof land; as noun agrāriī, -ōrum m. pl., supporters of land reform
pater, patris, m.father
iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to; impose, inflict
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
memoria, -ae, f.memory
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
cum, prep, with abl.with
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vir, virī, m.man
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
odium, -ī, n.hatred
quantum, adv.how much? how?
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
nam, conj.for
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
imperātōrius, -a, -umof a commander, of the general
ars, artis, f.art
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sōlus, -a, -umalone
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
pēs, pedis, m.foot
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
etsī, conj.even if, although
adhortātiō, -ōnis f.encouragement, exhortation
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
saltem (adv.)at least
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
dēdecus, -decoris, n.dishonor, disgrace
postmodo (adv.)afterwards, later, presently
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
sī, conj.if
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
accelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushurry, hasten
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
iniussū (abl. only) + gen.without the order (of)
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
exsecror, -ārī, -ātus sumcurse, detest
nunc, adv.now
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
nāvō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo with energy (operam nāvāre: do one's best)
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tam, adv.so
pestilēns, -entisunhealthy, deadly; baneful
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
remedium, -ī, n.remedy
ūllus, -a, -umany
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
excellō, -erebe superior, excel
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
glōria, -ae, f.glory
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
exacerbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, exasperate, embitter
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
Fabius, -a, -umof the Fabii, Fabian; Fabium nōmen: the Fabian name or clan
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.