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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.42

Agrarian strife and the Fabii

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Liv. 2.42.1Haud diūturna īra populī in Cassium fuit.The people's anger against Cassius did not last long. Liv. 2.42.1Dulcēdō agrāriae lēgis ipsa per sē dēmptō auctōre subībat animōs, accēnsaque ea cupiditās est malignitāte patrum, quī dēvictīs eō annō Volscīs Aequīsque mīlitem praedā fraudāvēre.The charm of the agrarian law of itself, now that its author was removed, was stealing into their minds, and that desire was inflamed by the meanness of the senators, who, when the Volsci and Aequi had been defeated that year, cheated the soldiers of the booty. Liv. 2.42.2Quidquid captum ex hostibus est, vēndidit Fabius cōnsul ac redēgit in pūblicum.Whatever was taken from the enemy, the consul Fabius sold and paid into the treasury. Liv. 2.42.2Invīsum erat Fabium nōmen plēbī propter novissimum cōnsulem;The name of Fabius was hated by the plebs because of the last consul; Liv. 2.42.2tenuēre tamen patrēs, ut cum L. Aemiliō Caesō Fabius cōnsul creārētur.the senators nevertheless succeeded in having Caeso Fabius made consul with Lucius Aemilius. Liv. 2.42.3Eō īnfestior facta plēbēs sēditiōne domesticā bellum externum excīvit.The plebs, made all the more hostile by this, through sedition at home called forth war abroad.

Liv. 2.42.3Bellō deinde cīvīlēs discordiae intermissae.Then civil discord was suspended by the war. Liv. 2.42.3Ūnō animō patrēs ac plēbs rebellantēs Volscōs et Aequōs duce Aemiliō prosperā pugnā vīcēre.With one mind, senators and plebs, under the leadership of Aemilius, defeated the rebelling Volsci and Aequi in a successful battle. Liv. 2.42.4Plūs tamen hostium fuga quam proelium absūmpsit: adeō pertināciter fūsōs īnsecūtī sunt equitēs.More of the enemy, however, were destroyed by the flight than by the battle: so relentlessly did the cavalry pursue them once routed. Liv. 2.42.5Castoris aedēs eōdem annō Īdibus Quīntīlibus dēdicāta est.The temple of Castor was dedicated in the same year, on the Ides of Quintilis. Liv. 2.42.5Vōta erat Latīnō bellō ā Postumiō dictātōre;It had been vowed in the Latin war by Postumius the dictator; Liv. 2.42.5fīlius eius duumvir ad id ipsum creātus dēdicāvit.his son, made one of two commissioners for that very purpose, dedicated it. Liv. 2.42.5Sollicitātī et eō annō sunt dulcēdine agrāriae lēgis animī plēbis.In that year too the minds of the plebs were stirred by the charm of the agrarian law.

Liv. 2.42.6Tribūnī plēbī populārem potestātem lēge populārī celebrābant;The tribunes of the plebs were exalting their popular power with a popular law; Liv. 2.42.6patrēs satis superque grātuītī furōris in multitūdine crēdentēs esse, largītiōnēs temeritātisque invītāmenta horrēbant.the senators, believing there was more than enough wanton frenzy in the multitude already, shuddered at largess and incitements to recklessness. Liv. 2.42.6Ācerrimī patribus ducēs ad resistendum cōnsulēs fuēre.The consuls were the senators' fiercest leaders in resistance. Liv. 2.42.7Ea igitur pars reī pūblicae vīcit nec in praesēns modo, sed in venientem etiam annum M. Fabium, Caesōnis frātrem, et magis invīsum alterum plēbī accūsātiōne Sp. Cassī, L. Valerium, cōnsulēs dedit.That part of the state therefore won, and not only for the present but for the coming year too it gave as consuls Marcus Fabius, Caeso's brother, and one still more hated by the plebs for his prosecution of Spurius Cassius, Lucius Valerius. Liv. 2.42.7Certātum eō quoque annō cum tribūnīs est.In that year too there was a struggle with the tribunes. Liv. 2.42.8Vāna lēx vānīque lēgis auctōrēs iactandō inritum mūnus factī.The law proved empty and its proposers empty, as they boasted of a gift that came to nothing.

Liv. 2.42.8Fabium inde nōmen ingēns post trēs continuōs cōnsulātūs ūnōque velut tenōre omnēs expertōs tribūniciīs certāminibus habitum;From then on the Fabian name was held in great esteem, after three successive consulships all of which had, as it were in one unbroken course, been tested in struggles with the tribunes; Liv. 2.42.8itaque, ut bene locātus, mānsit in eā familiā aliquamdiū honōs.and so, as being well placed, the office remained in that family for some time. Liv. 2.42.8Bellum inde Vēiēns initum, et Volscī rebellārunt.Then war with Veii was begun, and the Volsci rebelled. Liv. 2.42.9Sed ad bella externa prope supererant vīrēs, abūtēbanturque iīs inter sēmet ipsōs certandō.But for foreign wars their strength was almost more than enough, and they misused it in quarrelling among themselves. Liv. 2.42.10Accessēre ad aegrās iam omnium mentēs prōdigia caelestia, prope cōtīdiānās in urbe agrīsque ostentantia minās;On top of everyone's already troubled minds came portents from the heavens, showing threats almost every day in the city and the countryside; Liv. 2.42.10mōtīque ita nūminis causam nūllam aliam vātēs canēbant pūblicē prīvātimque nunc extīs nunc per avēs cōnsultī, quam haud rīte sacra fierī.and the seers, consulted now through entrails, now through birds, both publicly and privately, declared that there was no other cause for the god being thus stirred than that the rites were not being duly performed.

Liv. 2.42.11Quī terrōrēs tamen eō ēvāsēre, ut Oppia virgō Vestālis damnāta incestī poenās dederit.These terrors, however, ended in this, that Oppia, a Vestal Virgin, was condemned for unchastity and punished.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (189 words)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
diūturnus, -a, -umlong-lasting
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
populus, -ī m.people, nation
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dulcēdō, -inis, f.sweetness
agrārius, -a, -umof land; as noun agrāriī, -ōrum m. pl., supporters of land reform
lēx, lēgis f.law
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dēmō, -ere, dēmpsī, dēmptustake away, remove
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
que, enclitic conj.and
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
malignitās, -ātis f.spite, ill will, malice; meanness
pater, patris, m.father
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dēvincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victusconquer completely, subdue
annus, -ī, m.year
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
fraudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscheat, defraud, rob (someone of something, + abl.)
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
Fabius, -a, -umof the Fabii, Fabian; Fabium nōmen: the Fabian name or clan
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cum, prep, with abl.with
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
domesticus, -a, -umof one's own home, domestic
bellum, -ī, n.war
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
deinde, adv.then, next
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
rebellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew the war, revolt
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
plūs (adv.)more
fuga, -ae, f.flight
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
absūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake away, consume, destroy
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
pertināciter (adv.)stubbornly, persistently
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
aedēs, -is f.temple (sg.); house (pl.)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
Īdūs, -uum f. pl.the Ides (13th or 15th of the month)
Quīntīlis, -eof July (the fifth month of the old year); Kalendae Quīntīlēs: 1 July
dēdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdedicate, consecrate
voveō, -ēre, vōvī, vōtusvow, promise
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
fīlius, -ī, m.son
duumvir, -ī m.one of a board of two men; duumvirī perduelliōnis: the two judges for treason
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
grātuītus, -a, -umfree, without reward, for nothing
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
largītiō, -ōnis f.lavish giving, bribery
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
invītāmentum, -ī n.inducement, attraction, enticement
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
igitur, conj.therefore
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
modo, adv.only
sed, conj.but
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
frāter, frātris, m.brother
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
accūsātiō, -ōnis f.accusation, charge
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
quoque, adv.also
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
inde (adv.)from there; then
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
continuus, -a, -umcontinuous, successive
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
veluteven or just as, as
tenor, -ōris m.steady course, unbroken flow, continuity; ūnō tenōre: without a break
omnis, -eall, every
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
bene, adv.well; successfully
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
aliquam diū (adv.)for some time
honor, -ōris, m.honor
Vēiēns, -entisof Veii, the Etruscan city; (m. pl.) the Veientes
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
abūtor, -ūtī, -ūsus sumuse up; abuse, take advantage of (+ abl.)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
iam, adv.now, already
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
caelestis, -eheavenly; pl. as noun: the gods
cōtīdiānus (cottīdiānus), -a, -umdaily, everyday; ordinary
urbs, urbis, f.city
ager, agri, m.field, land
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
prīvātim (adv.)privately, as individuals
nunc, adv.now
exta, -ōrum n. pl.entrails (heart, liver, lungs) of a sacrificed animal
avis, -is, f.bird
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
rīte, adv.duly, fitly
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
Vestālis, -eof Vesta; virgō Vestālis, a Vestal Virgin (priestess of Vesta)
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
incestum, -ī n.unchastity (esp. of a Vestal), sexual impurity, incest
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.