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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.39

Coriolanus marches on Rome

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Liv. 2.39.1Imperātōrēs ad id bellum dē omnium populōrum sententiā lēctī Attius Tullius et Cn. Mārcius, exul Rōmānus, in quō aliquantō plus speī repositum.As generals for that war, by the vote of all the peoples, Attius Tullius and Gnaeus Marcius, the Roman exile, were chosen, and in Marcius somewhat more hope was placed. Liv. 2.39.2Quam spem nēquāquam fefellit, ut facile appārēret ducibus validiōrem quam exercitū rem Rōmānam esse.And he by no means disappointed that hope, so that it was easily seen that the strength of Rome lay more in its generals than in its army. Liv. 2.39.2Cerceiōs profectus prīmum colōnōs inde Rōmānōs expulit līberamque eam urbem Volscīs trādidit;Setting out first for Circei, he drove out the Roman colonists from there and handed the city over to the Volsci as a free town; Liv. 2.39.3inde in Latīnam viam trānsversīs trāmitibus trānsgressūrus Satricum, Longulam, Poluscam, Coriolōs, Mugillam — haec Rōmānīs — oppida adēmit;from there, crossing over by side-roads to the Latin Way, he took the towns of Satricum, Longula, Polusca, Corioli and Mugilla — these from the Romans; Liv. 2.39.4inde Lāvīnium recēpit;then he recovered Lavinium; Liv. 2.39.4tum deinceps Corbiōnem, Vitelliam, Trebium, Lavīcōs, Pedum cēpit.then in succession he took Corbio, Vitellia, Trebium, Labici and Pedum.

Liv. 2.39.5Postrēmum ad urbem ā Pedō dūcit et ad fossās Cluiliās quīnque ab urbe mīlia passuum castrīs positīs populātur inde agrum Rōmānum custōdibus inter populātōrēs missīs, quī patriciōrum agrōs intāctōs servārent, sīve īnfēnsus plēbī magis, sīve ut discordia inde inter patrēs plēbemque orerētur.Finally he leads from Pedum towards the city, and pitching camp at the Cluilian Trench five miles from the city, he ravages from there the Roman territory, sending guards among the raiders to keep the lands of the patricians untouched, either because he was more hostile to the plebs, or so that discord might arise from it between senators and plebs. Liv. 2.39.7Quae profectō orta esset — adeō tribūnī iam ferōcem per sē plēbem crīminandō in prīmōrēs cīvitātis īnstīgābant — , sed externus timor, maximum concordiae vinculum, quamvīs suspectōs īnfēnsōsque inter sē iungēbat animōs.And it would certainly have arisen — so much were the tribunes inciting the plebs, already fierce in themselves, by their accusations against the leading men of the state — but fear from outside, the strongest bond of harmony, joined their minds together, however suspicious and hostile to one another.

Liv. 2.39.7Id modo nōn conveniēbat, quod senātus cōnsulēsque nūsquam alibī spem quam in armīs pōnēbant, plēbēs omnia quam bellum mālēbat.The only point of disagreement was that the senate and the consuls placed their hope nowhere else but in arms, while the plebs preferred anything to war. Liv. 2.39.8Sp. Nautius iam et Sex. Fūrius cōnsulēs erant.Spurius Nautius and Sextus Furius were by now consuls. Liv. 2.39.9Eōs recēnsentēs legiōnēs, praesidia per mūrōs aliaque, in quibus statiōnēs vigiliāsque esse placuerat, loca distribuentīs multitūdō ingēns pācem poscentium prīmum sēditiōsō clamōre conterruit, deinde vocāre senātum, referre dē lēgātīs ad Cn. Mārcium mittendīs coēgit.As they were reviewing the legions and distributing garrisons along the walls and at the other places where it had been decided to have outposts and watches, a huge crowd demanding peace first terrified them with a mutinous uproar, then forced them to summon the senate and to bring forward a motion on sending envoys to Gnaeus Marcius. Liv. 2.39.9Accēpērunt relātiōnem patrēs, postquam appāruit labāre plēbis animōs, missīque dē pāce ad Mārcium ōrātōrēs.The senators accepted the motion, once it became plain that the spirit of the plebs was wavering, and envoys were sent to Marcius about peace.

Liv. 2.39.10Atrōx respōnsum rettulērunt: sī Volscīs ager redderētur, posse agī dē pāce;They brought back a harsh answer: if their land were restored to the Volsci, peace could be discussed; Liv. 2.39.11sī praedā bellī per ōtium fruī velint, memorem sē et cīvium iniūriae et hospitum beneficiī adnīsūrum, ut appāreat exiliō sibi inrītātōs, nōn frāctōs animōs esse.if they wished to enjoy the spoils of war at their ease, he, mindful both of his fellow citizens' wrongs and of his hosts' kindness, would strive to make it plain that his spirit had been provoked by exile, not broken. Liv. 2.39.12Iterum deinde iīdem missī nōn recipiuntur in castra.Then when the same men were sent a second time they were not admitted into the camp. Liv. 2.39.12Sacerdōtēs quoque suīs īnsignibus vēlātōs īsse supplicēs ad castra hostium trāditum est;The priests too, it is related, went as suppliants to the enemy's camp, wearing their insignia; Liv. 2.39.12nihilō magis quam lēgātōs flexisse animum.they moved his mind no more than the envoys had.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, indirect statement ×8, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (165 words)
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
bellum, -ī, n.war
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
omnis, -eall, every
populus, -ī m.people, nation
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
plūs (adv.)more
spēs, speī, f.hope
repōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set back; store up or away
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
facile, adv.easily
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
validus, -a, -umstrong
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
inde (adv.)from there; then
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
līber, lībera, līberumfree
que, enclitic conj.and
urbs, urbis, f.city
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
via, -ae, f.road, way
trānsversus, -a, -umrunning across, crosswise
trāmes, -itis m.by-path, footpath
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
oppidum, -ī, n.town
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
tum, adv.then, at that time
deinceps (adv.)one after another, in succession
pedum, -ī n.shepherd's crook; (Pedum) a town of Latium
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
postrēmum (adv.)for the last time; finally
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
quīnquefive
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
ager, agri, m.field, land
custōs, -ōdis m.guard
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
populātor, -ōris m.ravager, plunderer
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
patricius, -ī m.patrician, member of the old Roman nobility
intāctus, -a, -umuntouched, unharmed
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
īnfēnsus, -a, -umhostile, angry (with: dat.)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
pater, patris, m.father
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
iam, adv.now, already
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
īnstīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusurge on, rouse, incite
sed, conj.but
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
timor, -ōris, m.fear
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
modo, adv.only
nōn, adv.not
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
quod, conj.that, in that, because
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
alibī (adv.)elsewhere; alius alibi: some in one place, some in another
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
recēnseō, -ēre, -uī, -suscount, review, muster
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
distribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtumdivide up, distribute
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
pāx, pācis f.peace
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
sēditiōsus, -a, -umrebellious, stirring up trouble
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
conterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten badly, terrify
deinde, adv.then, next
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
relātiō, -ōnis f.motion, proposal brought before the senate; report
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
labō, -āre, -āvītotter, waver (short a: not lābor, slip)
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
sī, conj.if
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
volō, velle, voluīwish
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
adnītor, -nītī, -nīsus sumlean on; exert oneself, support (someone's cause)
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
iterum, adv.again, a second time
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sacerdōs, -dōtis, m. and f.priest, priestess
quoque, adv.also
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
īnsigne, -is n.badge, mark, decoration
vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusveil, cover
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
supplex, -icisbegging, as a suppliant
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nihilum, -ī n.nothing; nihilō sētius: none the less
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.